mutation in decreases manogepix susceptibility owing to increased expression.

is an emerging pathogenic fungus that is highly resistant to existing antifungal drugs. Manogepix is a novel antifungal agent that exerts antifungal activity by inhibiting glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis. Although the mechanisms of resistance of species to manogepix have been reported previously, those of are yet to be studied.

Immune complexome analysis reveals an autoimmune signature predictive of COVID-19 severity.

Background: The factors contributing to the development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain unclear. Although the presence of immune complexes (ICs), formed between antibodies and their antigens, has been linked to COVID-19 severity, their role requires further investigation, and the antigens within these ICs are yet to be characterized.

Method: Here, a C1q enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay and immune complexome analysis were used to determine IC concentrations and characterize IC antigens, respectively, in the sera of 64 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, enrolled at seven participating centers in 2020.

Neglected Pulmonary Infection Caused by Exophiala dermatitidis Misidentified as Rhodotorula spp.

Exophiala dermatitidis is an emerging black fungus that causes pulmonary infections that may be underestimated by conventional culture methods. We encountered one case that initially appeared to be yeast and was misidentified as Rhodotorula spp. using a commercial identification kit.

Favorable impact of azithromycin on patients in the intensive care unit with coronavirus disease 2019: Insights from the first wave using a Japanese database.

Background: Azithromycin has favorable effects on critical respiratory diseases owing to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. During the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, azithromycin was frequently administered before specific treatments were developed. However, the efficacy of this treatment has not been verified.

Drug-drug interactions in the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections.

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a refractory chronic respiratory infectious disease and its prevalence is increasing globally. The standard treatment regimen for NTM-PD involves long-term multidrug therapy including macrolides. The incidence of adverse events is high given the advanced age of many NTM-PD patients.

Pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of a surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS) antigen test for detecting SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: The diagnostic tools of nucleic acid amplification tests and antigen tests have been extensively employed for the detection of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT)-PCR test has high sensitivity and specificity, it is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. On the other hand, antigen tests are simple and prompt, however, their low sensitivity and potential for false positives have been identified as limitations.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Baloxavir and Oseltamivir in Outpatients With Influenza B.

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from a Japanese health insurance database to assess the effectiveness of baloxavir (n = 4822) for preventing severe events compared with oseltamivir (n = 10,523) in patients with influenza B. The primary endpoint was hospitalization incidence (Days 2-14). The secondary endpoints included intravenous antibacterial drug use, pneumonia hospitalization, heart failure hospitalization, inhalational oxygen requirement, and use of other anti-influenza drugs.

Successful Mutation Detection in Cytological Specimens of Lung Cancer with Challenging Biopsies by Integrating Virtual Bronchoscopy Navigation and Endobronchial Ultrasound Guidance with Highly Sensitive Next-Generation Sequencing: A Case Report.

Introduction: This case report presents the successful detection of an exon 19 deletion using virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) and endobronchial ultrasound with guide sheath (EBUS-GS) brushing, integrated with highly sensitive next-generation sequencing (NGS), even in challenging biopsy scenarios. The growing prevalence of driver gene alterations in non-small cell lung cancer necessitates effective bronchoscopic technology and reliable multiplex gene NGS panels. However, data regarding the optimal bronchoscopic techniques when using highly sensitive NGS panels are limited.

Real-World Effectiveness of Ensitrelvir in Reducing Severe Outcomes in Outpatients at High Risk for COVID-19.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ensitrelvir, an oral antiviral, in reducing hospitalization risk in outpatients at high-risk for severe COVID-19 during the Omicron era.

Methods: This was a retrospective study using a large Japanese health insurance claims database. It included high-risk outpatients for severe symptoms who received their first COVID-19 diagnosis between November 2022 and July 2023.

Development of a score model to predict long-term prognosis after community-onset pneumonia in older patients.

Background And Objective: The identification of factors associated with long-term prognosis after community-onset pneumonia in elderly patients should be considered when initiating advance care planning (ACP). We aimed to identify these factors and develop a prediction score model.

Methods: Patients aged 65 years and older, who were hospitalized for pneumonia at nine collaborating institutions, were included.

Clinical phenotype of anaerobic bacteremia unaccompanied by detectable abscess lesion: a 10-year retrospective, multicenter, observational-cohort study.

Purpose: Despite the importance of abscess lesions in clinical decisions regarding anaerobic bacteremia (AB), their impact on clinical characteristics remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the clinical factors associated with AB that were unaccompanied by detectable abscess lesions during the initial phase of infection.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective observational study involving patients with culture-proven AB at six tertiary hospitals in Japan between January 2012 and March 2022.

Pulmonary function and chest CT abnormalities 3 months after discharge from COVID-19, 2020-2021: A nation-wide multicenter prospective cohort study from the Japanese respiratory society.

Background: No comprehensive analysis of the pulmonary sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan based on respiratory function tests and chest computed tomography (CT) has been reported. We evaluated post-COVID-19 conditions, especially focusing on pulmonary sequelae assessed by pulmonary function tests and chest CT.

Methods: For this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 1069 patients who presented pneumonia at the time of admission in 55 hospitals from February 2020 to September 2021.

Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis: an initiative of the ECMM and ISHAM in cooperation with the ASM.

Cryptococcosis is a major worldwide disseminated invasive fungal infection. Cryptococcosis, particularly in its most lethal manifestation of cryptococcal meningitis, accounts for substantial mortality and morbidity. The breadth of the clinical cryptococcosis syndromes, the different patient types at-risk and affected, and the vastly disparate resource settings where clinicians practice pose a complex array of challenges.

Efficacy and safety of lascufloxacin for nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia: A single-arm, open-label clinical trial.

Background: Nursing- and healthcare-associated pneumonia (NHCAP) constitutes most of the pneumonia in elderly patients including aspiration pneumonia in Japan. Lascufloxacin (LSFX) possesses broad antibacterial activity against respiratory pathogens, such as Streptococcus spp. And anaerobes inside the oral cavity.