Combined Self-Reported and Device-Measured Physical Activity Assessment and Disability Incidence in Older Adults.

Objectives: To clarify the relationship between self-reported and device-measured physical activity (PA) and disability incidences in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: In total, 4504 (median age 75 [range, 72-79] years; women, 52.

Dose-Response Relationships of Daily Steps with Disability Incidence and All-Cause Mortality Stratified by Age and Physical Frailty.

Objectives: To examine the optimal range of steps for an individual based on the dose-response relationship of the number of steps taken with disability incidence and all-cause mortality stratified by age and physical frailty.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: 8664 community-dwelling older adults.

Association between willingness to exercise and incident disability in older adults: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate whether the willingness to exercise (WTE) and exercise habits affect the incidence of disability among older adults.

Methods: This study included 8,354 individuals (72.5 ± 6.

Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Multiple Frailty Domain in Japanese Older Adults.

Objectives: In this observational study, we aimed to evaluate the independent and overlapping effects of multiple frailty domains on long-term care insurance (LTCI) use.

Design: Population-based cohort design.

Setting And Participants: In total, 9804 community-dwelling older adults were recruited from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes.

Validation of the Optimal University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Cutoff Score in Screening for the Prevention of Disability Occurrence Among Older Japanese Adults.

Objectives: The association between loneliness and disability is a growing public health priority. While the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS) has been internationally used as an indicator for assessing loneliness, its optimal cutoff point in relation to disability occurrence has not yet been examined. Therefore, we aimed to determine the optimal cutoff point of the UCLA-LS regarding future disability.

Examination of the proportion and characteristics of cognitive function changes during hospitalization in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: Cognitive function decline is influenced by cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors. However, changes in the cognitive function of patients with cardiovascular diseases during hospitalization and the factors influencing these changes remain unclear. This study elucidated the proportion and characteristics of changes in cognitive function during hospitalization in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Association between social isolation and diversity in food intake by gender in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: Few studies have investigated the relationship between low dietary variety and clearly defined social isolation by gender. This study explored the association between dietary variety and social isolation, classified by operational definition, separately by gender in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited respondents via mail.

Association between the level of social participation and depressive symptoms among older Japanese adults: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Social participation is recommended for older adults to remain actively involved in daily life. Social participation is a broad concept, ranging from 'interacting with others without doing a specific activity with them' to 'actively contributing to society.' However, previous studies have not taken into account the components of social participation.

Combined effects of loneliness and diabetes mellitus on disability incidence among older Japanese adults.

Background: Developed countries worldwide face the challenge of aging populations in which loneliness is problematic, leading to mental and physical health issues. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause decreased physical activity, reduced functioning, and depressive symptoms. However, how interactions between loneliness and DM influence health outcomes remains unclear.

Risk of dementia with hearing impairment and social isolation.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine whether the concomitance of hearing impairment and isolation with lack of conversation, which is considered self-evident but has not been investigated extensively, is associated with the occurrence of dementia.

Methods: A total of 2745 participants were divided into four groups according to the presence/absence of hearing impairment and isolation with lack of conversation. The association of dementia with hearing impairment and isolation with lack of conversation was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Development of a weighted scoring model for social activities to predict disability incidents among older Japanese adults.

Background: Social activities contribute to health improvements in older adults, but methods for evaluating these activities are not yet established. We developed a scoring model for social activity, weighted by specific activities, to assess the association between disability incidence in older adults and social activities.

Methods: Data were obtained from Japan's National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS).

Classification of social isolation and factors related to loneliness and life satisfaction among socially isolated individuals.

Purpose: To operationally divide social isolation into four categories and examine the factors associated with social isolation and its relationship with loneliness and life satisfaction.

Methods: The participants were community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years who underwent functional health examinations in Chita City, Aichi, Japan. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations between social isolation, loneliness, and life satisfaction.

Association between willingness to participate in physical and social activities and loneliness in older adults: A stratified analysis by social isolation status.

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between willingness to participate in physical activity (PA) and social activity (SA) and loneliness among community-dwelling older adults and to identify differences depending on whether or not they were socially isolated.

Method: This study included 4,590 participants aged 65 years or older. The study used the UCLA Loneliness Scale and a questionnaire to assess the willingness to participate in PA/SA.

The effects of amino acid/protein supplementation in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background & Aims: We evaluated the efficacy of the intervention consisting of amino acid/protein supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function in patients on hemodialysis.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis identified potential studies through a systematic search of 4 electronic databases and references from eligible studies from database inception to August 2020. We included only randomized controlled trials reporting the efficacy of amino acid/protein supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function in patients on hemodialysis.

Evidence supporting the use of a subjective staff evaluation to assess the benefit of rehabilitation in hemodialysis patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation.

Background: We questioned whether the introduction of a subjective evaluation of patient-specific goals, could be used as a valid method to assess the effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, all admissions to the UHN hemodialysis rehabilitation service between April 2013 and August 2016 were included. We introduced a system of subjective assessment, performed by the team at the time of admission and discharge.

Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Performance-Based Components of Frailty in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.

Objectives: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures capture the patient's experience of the burden of chronic disease and are strongly associated with adverse health-related outcomes across multiple populations. The SF-36 score is the most widely used HRQoL measure among patients with end-stage renal disease. Current understanding of determinants of the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) and their association with objectively measured physical performance and activity is limited.

Perceived difficulty in activities of daily living and survival in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.

Purpose: Most patients receiving hemodialysis have perceived difficulty in mobility tasks, such as basic activities of daily living (ADL), ambulation, and walking up or down stairs, even if they can ambulate independently. Perceived difficulty in performing ADL (ADL difficulty) is reportedly a useful predictor of mortality in older community-dwelling people. However, very few studies have examined the association of ADL difficulty with clinical outcomes in patients receiving hemodialysis.

Trajectory of Lean Body Mass Assessed Using the Modified Creatinine Index and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients.

Rationale & Objective: Although a declining body mass index (BMI) is associated with higher mortality in patients on hemodialysis, BMI cannot distinguish lean body mass from fat mass. It remains unclear whether changes over time in lean body mass are associated with mortality. We examined the prognostic significance of changes in the modified creatinine index, a proxy for lean body mass.

Effects of electrical muscle stimulation in frail elderly patients during haemodialysis (DIAL): rationale and protocol for a crossover randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: The phenomenon of population ageing is accompanied by increases in the number of elderly haemodialysis patients worldwide. The incidence of frailty is high in the haemodialysis population and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Although several interventions have been developed for use in general haemodialysis patients, the efficacy of such rehabilitation programmes in frail elderly patients on haemodialysis has not been elucidated.

Utility of Regular Management of Physical Activity and Physical Function in Hemodialysis Patients.

Background/aims: Several clinical practice guidelines recommend regular assessment of physical activity and physical function as part of routine care in hemodialysis patients. However, there is no clear evidence to support these recommendations. We investigated whether the proportion of attendance at a regular program for management of physical activity and physical function can predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients.

Dietary intake of iodine-enriched eggs decreases the incidence of mouse mammary tumors caused by the activated ErbB2 oncogene.

Human epigenetic studies suggest that consumption of seaweed prevents mammary cancer, which possibly is explained by iodine daily intake. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of dietary intake of iodine-enriched eggs on mammary tumor incidence caused by the expression of activated type ErbB2. Female transgenic mice were divided into three groups, and fed a basic diet, a diet supplemented with ordinary eggs, or with iodine-enriched eggs.

Combined Contribution of Reduced Functional Mobility, Muscle Weakness, and Low Serum Albumin in Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: The combined effects of reduced functional mobility, muscle weakness, and low serum albumin on mortality in hemodialysis patients have not been clarified. Here, we examined the associations of reduced functional mobility, muscle weakness, and low serum albumin-both alone and in combination-with all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: A total of 490 patients treated between July 2010 and October 2016 were enrolled retrospectively in this study.

Association between frailty and bone loss in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Frailty is significantly associated with bone loss in the general population. However, it is unclear whether this association also exists in patients undergoing hemodialysis who have chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). This study aimed to assess the association between frailty and bone loss in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Exercise Training in Elderly People Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Previous reviews have indicated the effectiveness of exercise in people undergoing hemodialysis. However, these analyses did not take into account whether the subjects were elderly. We performed a systematic review of the effects of exercise training in elderly people undergoing hemodialysis and updated the evidence of exercise for people undergoing hemodialysis by adding recent research data.

Physical Activity Dose for Hemodialysis Patients: Where to Begin? Results from a Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Greater physical activity is associated with lower risk of mortality in persons with kidney disease; however, little is known about the appropriate dose of physical activity among hemodialysis patients. Here detected the minimum level of habitual physical activity to help inform interventions aimed at improving outcomes in the dialysis population.

Design: The design was prospective cohort study.