Facile Preparation of Flavinium Organocatalysts.

We developed a safe, simple, inexpensive, and environmentally benign method for preparing N(5)-ethylated flavinium organocatalysts without using hazardous reagents or inert conditions as previously required. 5-Ethyl-3-methyllumiflavinium cation was prepared from its reduced form by NaNO -free aerobic oxidation, which was subsequently extracted onto commercial cation-exchange resins under NaClO -free conditions. The resulting resin-immobilized flavinium salts were found to be effective organocatalysts for aerobic oxidation reactions.

Impact of diabetes mellitus on angiographically silent coronary atherosclerosis.

Constrictive remodeling occurs in significant atherosclerotic lesions of the diabetic patient, but the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the angiographically normal coronary artery is still unclear. Morphometric analysis using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) prior to intervention evaluated 54 sites in 33 DM patients and 106 in 62 non-diabetic patients. Vessel area (VA) and lumen area (LA) were measured at angiographically normal sites in the vessel.