A diminutive perivascular epithelioid cell tumor in the colon.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare mesenchymal tumor. Some papers have reported that colonoscopy could be used to treat PEComa with a predominantly pedunculated polyp, whereas surgical intervention is often required for cases with submucosal-type tumors. These findings suggest that the morphology of PEComa changes dramatically with disease progression.

Endoscopic Removal of Premalignant Lesions Reduces Long-Term Colorectal Cancer Risk: Results From the Japan Polyp Study.

Background & Aims: To date, no regional evidence of long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) risk reduction after endoscopic premalignant lesion removal has been established. We aimed to analyze this over a long-term follow-up evaluation.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of participants from the Japan Polyp Study conducted at 11 Japanese institutions.

miR-144-3p/miR-451a promotes lymphovascular invasion through repression of PTEN/p19 in rectal neuroendocrine tumors.

Background And Aim: Although rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET-G1) have potential metastatic capability, even among small tumors, no predictive biomarker for invasion and metastasis has been reported. We analyzed microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in rectal NET-G1 tissues with and without lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Moreover, we then investigated their target genes to clarify the mechanism of invasion/metastasis in NET-G1.

S100P Expression via DNA Hypomethylation Promotes Cell Growth in the Sessile Serrated Adenoma/Polyp-Cancer Sequence.

Background/aims: Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) are a putative precursor lesion of colon cancer. Although the relevance of DNA hypermethylation in the SSA/P-cancer sequence is well documented, the role of DNA hypomethylation is unknown. We investigated the biological relevance of DNA hypomethylation in the SSA/P-cancer sequence by using 3-dimensional organoids of SSA/P.

Randomised comparison of postpolypectomy surveillance intervals following a two-round baseline colonoscopy: the Japan Polyp Study Workgroup.

Objective: To assess whether follow-up colonoscopy after polypectomy at 3 years only, or at 1 and 3 years would effectively detect advanced neoplasia (AN), including nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms (NP-CRNs).

Design: A prospective multicentre randomised controlled trial was conducted in 11 Japanese institutions. The enrolled participants underwent a two-round baseline colonoscopy (interval: 1 year) to remove all neoplastic lesions.

Prospective real-time evaluation of diagnostic performance using endocytoscopy in differentiating neoplasia from non-neoplasia for colorectal diminutive polyps (≤ 5 mm).

Aim: To clarify the diagnostic performance of endocytoscopy for differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal diminutive polyps.

Methods: Patients who underwent endocytoscopy between October and December 2016 at Sano Hospital were prospectively recruited. When diminutive polyps (≤ 5 mm) were detected, the lesions were evaluated by endocytoscopy after being stained with 0.

Additional chromoendoscopy for colorectal lesions initially diagnosed with low confidence by magnifying narrow-band imaging: Can it improve diagnostic accuracy?

Background And Aim: Magnifying chromoendoscopy has been one of the most reliable diagnostic methods for distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions. The aim of this prospective study was to clarify the clinical usefulness of magnifying chromoendoscopy for colorectal polyps initially diagnosed with low confidence (LC) by magnifying narrow-band imaging (NBI).

Methods: Consecutive adult patients who underwent total colonoscopic examination with magnifying NBI between July and December 2016 at Sano Hospital were prospectively recruited.

Analysis of gastrointestinal virus infection in immunocompromised hosts by multiplex virus PCR assay.

Regarding viral infection of intestinal mucosa, there have been only a few studies on limited diseases, targeting a few herpes family viruses. In this study, we analyzed 12 kinds of DNA viruses including 8 species of herpes family viruses in the gastrointestinal mucosa of patients with hematologic malignancies, inflammatory bowel diseases, collagen diseases, or other miscellaneous forms of gastroenteritis using the multiplex virus PCR assay, which we recently developed. The virus PCR assay yielded positive results in 63 of 102 patients; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the most frequently detected, followed by cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), HHV-7, parvovirus B19, and herpes simplex virus type 1.

Clinical and endoscopic evaluations of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps with cytological dysplasia.

Background And Aim: Although sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) are considered to be premalignant lesions and rapidly progress to carcinomas after they develop cytological dysplasia (CD), a treatment strategy for SSA/Ps in Asian countries is still being debated and has not yet been established. The present study aimed to propose a treatment strategy for SSA/Ps.

Methods: Histopathological data of patients, who underwent colonoscopy at our center between January 2011 and December 2016, were reviewed.

The Improvement of the Hepatic Histological Findings in a Patient with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis with Type 2 Diabetes after the Administration of the Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Ipragliflozin.

The patient was a 67-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The administration of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, ipragliflozin improved her liver dysfunction clinically and histologically. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ferritin levels decreased to normal limits after treatment for four months.

Intramucosal colorectal carcinoma with invasion of the lamina propria: a study by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum.

Cancer invasion of the lamina propria is an important pathological finding. However, the clinicopathologic features and diagnostic accuracy of intramucosal carcinoma assessment in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are unknown. In this study, intramucosal CRCs were reviewed in institutions affiliated with the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, and 32 cases with invasion of the lamina propria were identified.

Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2016 for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Japanese mortality due to colorectal cancer is on the rise, surpassing 49,000 in 2015. Many new treatment methods have been developed during recent decades. The Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Guidelines 2016 for the treatment of colorectal cancer (JSCCR Guidelines 2016) were prepared to show standard treatment strategies for colorectal cancer, to eliminate disparities among institutions in terms of treatment, to eliminate unnecessary treatment and insufficient treatment, and to deepen mutual understanding between health-care professionals and patients by making these Guidelines available to the general public.

Overexpression of TSC-22 (transforming growth factor- β-stimulated clone-22) causes marked obesity, splenic abnormality and B cell lymphoma in transgenic mice.

In this study, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice, which overexpressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β stimulated clone-22 (TSC-22), and investigate the functional role of TSC-22 on their development and pathogenesis. We obtained 13 Tg-founders (two mice from C57BL6/J and 11 mice from BDF1). Three of 13 Tg-founders were sterile, and the remaining Tg-founders also could generate only a limited number of the F1 generation.

Prospective evaluation of the proportion of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps in endoscopically diagnosed colorectal polyps with hyperplastic features.

Background And Study Aims: Sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) are considered precursors of colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. However, it is still difficult to differentiate SSA/Ps from hyperplastic polyps endoscopically; therefore, the prevalence of SSA/Ps remains uncertain in clinical practice. This study aimed to clarify the proportion of SSA/Ps in endoscopically diagnosed colorectal polyps with hyperplastic features (E-HPs).

Primary non-gestational pure choriocarcinoma arising in the ovary: A case report and literature review.

Pure non-gestational choriocarcinoma is a primary germ cell neoplasm that has been defined as a tumor without other germ cell elements. The current study presents an extremely rare case of non-gestational pure choriocarcinoma in a postmenarcheal young female and describes details of the tumor, including the clinicopathological findings. The patient was a 10-year-old female who underwent salpingo-oophorectomy.

The addition of high magnifying endoscopy improves rates of high confidence optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps.

Background And Study Aims: The real-time optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps with high confidence predictions can achieve high levels of accuracy. Increasing the rates of high confidence optical diagnosis can improve the clinical application of real-time optical diagnosis in routine practice. The primary aim of this prospective study was to evaluate whether high magnifying endoscopy improves the rates of high confidence narrow-band imaging (NBI) - based optical diagnosis for differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal lesions according to the NBI international colorectal endoscopic (NICE) classification.

Effect of REG Iα protein on angiogenesis in gastric cancer tissues.

Regenerating gene (REG) Iα is not only overexpressed in a subset of gastric cancers, but also involved in tumor progression. However, the mechanism by which (REG) Iα promotes tumor growth is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated whether REG Iα plays a role in angiogenesis during the progression of gastric cancers.

Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) Guidelines 2014 for treatment of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of death in Japan, where it accounts for the largest number of deaths from malignant neoplasms among women and the third largest number among men. Many new methods of treatment have been developed during recent decades. The Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Guidelines 2014 for treatment of colorectal cancer (JSCCR Guidelines 2014) have been prepared as standard treatment strategies for colorectal cancer, to eliminate treatment disparities among institutions, to eliminate unnecessary treatment and insufficient treatment, and to deepen mutual understanding among health-care professionals and patients by making these guidelines available to the general public.

A three-tier classification system based on the depth of submucosal invasion and budding/sprouting can improve the treatment strategy for T1 colorectal cancer: a retrospective multicenter study.

More than 85% of patients with T1 colorectal cancer have no lymph node metastasis and can be cured by endoscopic resection. To avoid unnecessary surgery after complete endoscopic resection, accurate histologic methods for evaluating resected specimens are needed to discriminate those at high risk for lymph node metastasis. A retrospective multi-institutional, cross-sectional study of 806 T1 colorectal cancer patients was conducted.

Narrow-band imaging observation of colorectal lesions using NICE classification to avoid discarding significant lesions.

Aim: To assess the risk of failing to detect diminutive and small colorectal cancers with the "resect and discard" policy.

Methods: Patients who received colonoscopy and polypectomy were recruited in the retrospective study. Probable histology of the polyps was predicted by six colonoscopists by the use of NICE classification.

Effect of skip lymphovascular invasion on hepatic metastasis in colorectal carcinomas.

Background: "Skip" lymphovascular invasion presenting as discontinuous foci of tumor cells within the colon wall is now excluded from consideration when determining T stage in the TNM classification. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with such skip lymphovascular invasion.

Methods: First, a retrospective questionnaire survey of the incidence of skip lymphovascular invasion was performed for a total of 1,868 patients with CRCs at ten institutions.

Immunohistochemical assessment of a unique basal pattern of p53 expression in ulcerative-colitis-associated neoplasia using computer-assisted cytometry.

Background: The basal pattern of p53 expression, defined as its immunoreactivity confined to the basal half of the glands, is associated with early neoplastic lesions in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, their clinical utility of this finding is limited by the use of "visual estimation" (approximate immunoreactivity on the basis of scanning the stained slide, without formal counting). This study was designed to analyze the basal pattern of p53 using computer-assisted cytometry and to identify the optimal cutoff value for discriminating between UC-associated early-stage neoplasia and regenerative atypia.