Prospective study examining the probability of cerebral fat embolism based on magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) is a rare syndrome caused by the embolization of fat particles into the brain circulation. This prospective single-center observational study investigated the incidence of CFE in long-bone or pelvic fractures based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of CFE by MRI findings with or without symptoms suggestive of CFE.

The importance of FDG-PET/CT parameters for the assessment of the immune status in advanced HNSCC.

Objective: Cancer cells secrete large amounts of lactic acid via aerobic glycolysis. We have shown that lactic acid plays an important role as a proinflammatory and immunosuppressive mediator and promotes tumor progression. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake detected by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is considered as a good indicator of aerobic glycolysis in cancer.

Incidental findings on whole-body computed tomography in trauma patients: the current state of incidental findings and the effect of implementation of a feedback system.

Aim: Whole-body computed tomography (CT) for trauma occasionally reveals significant incidental findings not related to trauma, which require an adequate response. In this study, we examined the current state of incidental findings in trauma patients on whole-body CT and the effects of the feedback system.

Methods: The subject sample included trauma patients who underwent whole-body CT while being examined for trauma during the 2-year period, with the interpretation of the CT reported by a radiologist.

Effect of metal artifact reduction software on image quality of C-arm cone-beam computed tomography during intracranial aneurysm treatment.

Background and purpose C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has the drawback that image quality is degraded by artifacts caused by implanted metal objects. We evaluated whether metal artifact reduction (MAR) prototype software can improve the subjective image quality of CBCT images of patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with coils or clips. Materials and methods Forty-four patients with intracranial aneurysms implanted with coils (40 patients) or clips (four patients) underwent one CBCT scan from which uncorrected and MAR-corrected CBCT image datasets were reconstructed.

Clinical findings of a probable case of MM2-cortical-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with antibodies to anti-N-terminus of α-enolase.

We report the case of a 76-year-old woman presenting with 47-month history of progressive dementia and cortical blindness with no family history. Antibodies against thyroid glands and the N-terminus of α-enolase (NAE) were detected in her serum. Neurological examination revealed progressive dementia, frontal signs, visual disturbance, and exaggerated bilateral tendon reflexes in both legs.

An autopsy-verified case of steroid-responsive encephalopathy with convulsion and a false-positive result from the real-time quaking-induced conversion assay.

We report an autopsy-verified case of steroid-responsive encephalopathy with convulsion and a false-positive result from the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QUIC) assay. A 61-year-old Japanese man presented with acute onset of consciousness disturbance, and convulsions, but without a past medical or family history of progressive dementia, epilepsy, or prion disease. Brain diffusion and fluid-attenuated inverted recovery MR images revealed edematous cortical hyper-intensity, which diminished after the acute phase.

An autopsy-verified case of FTLD-TDP type A with upper motor neuron-predominant motor neuron disease mimicking MM2-thalamic-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Here we report an autopsy-verified case of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-transactivation responsive region (TAR) DNA binding protein (TDP) type A with upper motor neuron-predominant motor neuron disease mimicking MM2-thalamic-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). A 69-year-old woman presented with an 11-month history of progressive dementia, irritability, insomnia, and gait disturbance without a family history of dementia or prion disease. Neurological examination revealed severe dementia, frontal signs, and exaggerated bilateral tendon reflexes.

Preserved regional cerebral blood flow in the occipital cortices, brainstem, and cerebellum of patients with V180I-129M genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in serial SPECT studies.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with a causative point mutation of valine to isoleucine at codon 180 (V180I) is one of the major types of genetic CJD (gCJD) in Japan. V180I gCJD is rarely accompanied by a family history, and its clinical characteristics include late-onset, long disease duration, and edematous cortical hyperintensity in diffusion, fluid attenuate inversion and T2-weighted MRI. We performed serial imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and MRI in three V180I gCJD cases over long-term observation.

A robust conversion method of radioactivities between plastic and NaI scintillation well counters for long-term quality control and quality assurance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to specify a simple procedure for a robust data conversion of radioactivity value between plastic scintillator (PL) and NaI scintillator (NaI) devices.

Materials And Methods: The radioactivity estimate of 100 blood samples was measured by the two devices. The two radioactivities were plotted on the same graph.

Gorham-Stout Disease of the Skull Base With Hearing Loss: Dramatic Recovery and Antiangiogenic Therapy.

Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology. We present a 6-year-old male with GSD involving the skull base who presented with recurrent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, severe hearing loss, and facial palsy secondary to cerebellar herniation into the internal auditory canal. After 2 months of treatment with pegylated interferon (IFN) α-2b (50 μg/week), his hearing recovered dramatically.

Successive MRI Findings of Reversible Cerebral White Matter Lesions in a Patient with Cystathionine β-Synthase Deficiency.

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency, well known as classical homocystinuria, is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of homocysteine and sulfur metabolism. CBS converts homocysteine to cystathionine. The clinical features of untreated CBS deficiency include myopia, ectopia lentis, mental retardation, skeletal anomalies resembling Marfan syndrome, and thromboembolic events.

Decreased regional cerebral blood flow in the bilateral thalami and medulla oblongata determined by an easy Z-score (eZIS) analysis of (99m)Tc-ECD-SPECT images in a case of MM2-thalamic-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

We report a case of autopsy-verified MM2-thalamic-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) in a 46-year-old patient with a 16-month history of abnormal behavior, progressive dementia, insomnia, and speech disturbances without family history. Neurological examination revealed progressive dementia, frontal signs, insomnia, speech disturbance, gait disturbance and bilaterally exaggerated tendon reflexes. Both brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid examinations, including 14-3-3 protein, yielded normal results.

Prediction of macrometastasis in axillary lymph nodes of patients with invasive breast cancer and the utility of the SUV lymph node/tumor ratio using FDG-PET/CT.

Background: Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is important for improving the prognosis of patients with node-positive breast cancer. However, ALND can be avoided in select micrometastatic cases, preventing complications such as lymphedema or paresthesia of the upper limb. To appropriately omit ALND from treatment, evaluation of the axillary tumor burden is critical.

Facial palsy as an unusual presenting symptom associated with acute myeloid leukemia.

Extramedullary infiltration is common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Although AML can cause neurological symptoms, especially when associated with extramedullary infiltration, a presenting manifestation of facial palsy is rare. We report on a 1-year-old boy who developed right facial palsy.

High frequency of calcification in basal ganglia on brain computed tomography images in Japanese older adults.

Aim: To investigate the frequency of calcification in the basal ganglia and the dentate nuclei in the cerebellum, and compare the difference in age and area, we examined the brain computed tomography (CT) images of all patients in two representative university hospitals in Japan.

Methods: We examined the brain CT images of 2526 patients in Gifu University Hospital (UH) and 2573 patients in Niigata UH. These patients were examined in these hospitals from October 2009 to September 2010.

Ultra-early endovascular embolization of ruptured cerebral aneurysm and the increased risk of hematoma growth unrelated to aneurysmal rebleeding.

Object: Hematoma growth unrelated to aneurysmal rebleeding is recognized as a somewhat common complication following endovascular embolization of ruptured aneurysms, but it is scarcely studied. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible risk factors for this phenomenon.

Methods: Included in this study were 101 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who underwent endovascular embolization for saccular aneurysms at the authors' institution within 72 hours of symptom onset.

Selection of carotid artery stenting or endarterectomy based on magnetic resonance plaque imaging reduced periprocedural adverse events.

Background: The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of treatment selection, either carotid stenting or endarterectomy, based on preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) plaque imaging on periprocedural events.

Methods: A total of 205 consecutive patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis scheduled for elective revascularization with stenting or endarterectomy were retrospectively analyzed. In period 1, 95 patients were treated regardless of preoperative plaque imaging.

Stepwise revascularization by carotid endarterectomy after balloon angioplasty for symptomatic severe carotid artery stenosis.

The authors report a novel stepwise carotid revascularization method to prevent perioperative complication. A 68-year-old man presented with left hemiparesis and dysarthria caused by severe stenosis of the right cervical internal carotid artery. According to the preoperative cerebral blood flow evaluation and plaque characterization, the patient was at risk for postoperative hyperperfusion and ischemic complications after carotid artery stenting.

Computer-aided diagnosis for detection of lacunar infarcts on MR images: ROC analysis of radiologists' performance.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate radiologist performance in detection of lacunar infarcts on T1- and T2-weighted images, without and with the use of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme. Thirty T1-weighted and 30 T2-weighted MR images obtained from 30 patients were used for assessing observer performance. These images were acquired using the fast spin-echo sequence with a 1.

Uneven haustra on CT colonography: a clue for the detection of transperitoneal invasion from gastric cancer.

Two patients with gastric carcinoma underwent CT colonography (CTC) for preoperative work-up. Although no obvious peritoneal nodules were seen on axial CT images, colonic wall deformities were noted on three-dimensional (3D) air images. Multiplanar-reformatted images revealed corresponding colonic wall thickening at the deformities, and in addition, dense cordlike structures connecting the primary gastric cancer and colonic wall thickening were also observed.

Acute cerebellitis associated with rotavirus infection.

Background: Rotavirus infection is occasionally associated with central nervous system involvement, including cerebellitis. However, the precise clinical sequelae of central nervous system disorders and the usefulness of neuroradiological examination for clinical therapies, such as steroid pulse therapy, have not been clarified.

Methods: We present a case of rotavirus cerebellitis examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and single photon emission computed tomography.

High-intensity signal on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography indicates carotid plaques at high risk for cerebral embolism during stenting.

Background And Purpose: A major disadvantage of carotid artery stenting (CAS) compared to carotid endarterectomy is the increased risk of cerebral embolism. Thus, establishing a simple method to discriminate fragile plaques on preoperative routine examination is important. The present study examined whether high-intensity signal (HIS) in the plaque on time-of-flight (TOF) MRA, performed for screening, can discriminate plaque at high risk for cerebral embolism during CAS.