Sex differences in recovery from postoperative sarcopenia during adjuvant CAPOX therapy for colorectal cancer.

Background: Women are predisposed to develop intolerance to cancer chemotherapy. Sarcopenia and chemotherapy are mutually related. Women are generally intolerable to chemotherapeutics such as 5-fluorouracil.

Minimally invasive versus open multivisceral resection for rectal cancer clinically invading adjacent organs: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), such as laparoscopic and robotic surgery for rectal cancer, is performed worldwide. However, limited information is available on the advantages of MIS over open surgery for multivisceral resection for cases clinically invading adjacent organs.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective propensity score-matching study of consecutive clinical T4b rectal cancer patients who underwent curative intent surgery between 2006 and 2021 at the University of Tokyo Hospital.

Essential anatomy for lateral lymph node dissection.

In Western countries, the gold-standard therapeutic strategy for rectal cancer is preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) following total mesorectal excision (TME), without lateral lymph node dissection (LLND). However, preoperative CRT has recently been reported to be insufficient to control lateral lymph node recurrence in cases of enlarged lateral lymph nodes before CRT, and LLND is considered necessary in such cases. We performed a literature review on aspects of pelvic anatomy associated with rectal surgery and LLND, and then combined this information with our experience and knowledge of pelvic anatomy.

Unexplained increases in serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in colorectal cancer patients during the postoperative follow-up period: an analysis of its incidence and longitudinal pattern.

Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monitoring facilitates the detection of recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) after resection. False-positive CEA has been reported in CRC patients with certain comorbidities or smokers. However, limited information is currently available on the frequency of and changes in falsely elevated CEA levels in patients without these conditions.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with chronic ulcerative colitis: a case report and review of the literature.

Adenocarcinoma is a common histological type of ulcerative colitis-associated cancer (UCAC), whereas neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is extremely rare. UCAC is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage, even with regular surveillance colonoscopy. A 41-year-old man with a 17-year history of UC began receiving surveillance colonoscopy at the age of 37 years; 2 years later, dysplasia was detected in the sigmoid colon, and he underwent colonoscopy every 3 to 6 months.

Diverticular perforation of terminal ileum associated with chemotherapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma: a case report.

A 71-year-old man was diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma and treated with chemotherapy developed ileocecal diverticulitis three times over the last 2 months of receiving second-line treatment. During the fourth diverticulitis event, the patient presented with fever and abdominal pain, worsening after 5 days. Abdominal computed tomography showed ascites and intra-abdominal free air, suggesting bowel perforation with acute diffuse peritonitis.

Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer to the Descending Colon.

Colonic metastasis from ovarian cancer is extremely rare, with only seven reported cases. A 77-year-old woman who had previously undergone surgery for ovarian cancer was admitted to a local hospital with anal bleeding. Histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of adenocarcinoma.

Three-dimensional visualization of the total mesorectal excision plane for dissection in rectal cancer surgery and its ability to predict surgical difficulty.

Total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer is often technically challenging. We aimed to develop a method for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the TME dissection plane and to evaluate its ability to predict surgical difficulty. Sixty-six patients with lower rectal cancer who underwent robot-assisted surgery were retrospectively analyzed.

Preoperative Simulation of Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Using a 3-Dimensional Printed Model.

Background: During restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer or dysplasia, ileal pouch-anal handsewn anastomosis (IAA) is preferred to avoid the risk of cancer development in the remaining rectal mucosa. However, there is a risk of the ileal pouch not reaching the anus with this procedure. Here, we created deformable 3-dimensional (3D) models for simulation.

Low Expression of SNAI1 in Lymph Node Metastasis Indicates Delayed Recurrence of Colonic Cancer.

Background/aim: Even though epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in primary tumors are identified as a helpful indicator of cancer metastasis and prognosis, their expression in lymph node metastases (LNMs) remains poorly described. We aimed to investigate the difference between snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) and E-cadherin expression in primary tumors and LNMs, and how it affects prognosis.

Patients And Methods: From 2010 to 2014, 127 patients who underwent radical surgery for stage III colonic adenocarcinoma without preoperative treatment were retrospectively reviewed for SNAI1 and E-cadherin expression in primary tumors and LNMs.

Sarcopenia is Associated With Oncological Prognosis and the Incidence of Secondary Cancer in Patients With Middle/Lower Rectal Cancer.

Objective: This study evaluated the clinical implications of sarcopenia for patients with rectal cancer according to cancer progression.

Summary Background Data: The negative impact of body composition on long-term outcome has been demonstrated for various malignancies.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 708 patients with rectal cancer who underwent curative resection at our institution between 2003 and 2020.

Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder initially diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor requiring combined resection of the rectum: a case report.

Background: Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder (Pub) is rare and presents with clinical symptoms caused by catecholamine production and release. The typical symptoms of Pub are hypertension, macroscopic hematuria, and a hypertensive crisis during micturition. The average size of detected Pubs is approximately 3 cm.

A Polymorphism in Interleukin-1β Gene Is Associated with the Development of Pouchitis in Japanese Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Major complications in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) include UC-associated cancer (UCAC) and postoperative pouchitis. We aimed to identify SNPs associated with UCAC/high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and pouchitis.

Methods: Patients with UC who underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) with >2 years of follow-up after functioning pouches were included.

Rate of Reoperation Decreased Significantly After Year 2002 in Patients With Crohn's Disease.

Background & Aims: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) can require multiple intestinal surgeries. We examined time trends and risk factors for reoperation in patients with CD who underwent intestinal surgery, focusing on the effects of postoperative medical treatments.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 1871 patients with CD who underwent initial intestinal resection at 10 tertiary care institutions in Japan, with an initial surgical date after May 1982.

Laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patients taking anti-thrombotic therapy.

Several previous studies have shown that laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer is a feasible option. However, its safety and efficacy in patients receiving long-term anti-thrombotic therapy (AT) remain unclear. We retrospectively reviewed 364 patients who underwent elective resection for rectal cancer via a laparoscopic approach between 2007 and 2018 in our institute.

Loss of RUNX3 Immunoreactivity in Non-Neoplastic Rectal Mucosa May Predict the Occurrence of Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aims: Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) 3 is a tumor suppressor whose expression is reduced in non-neoplastic rectal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) with coexisting colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We aimed to evaluate RUNX3 utility as a predictive marker for CAC using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for non-neoplastic UC mucosa.

Methods: We retrospectively compared the RUNX3 expression detected by IHC between non-neoplastic rectal biopsy specimens from 20 cases with invasive cancer (CAC group) and 20 cases selected from 138 patients without CAC (non-CAC group) that were treated during the same period (2006-2017) and were matched for sex, duration, extension, and age.

Pine-cone and villi patterns are endoscopic signs suggestive of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer and dysplasia.

Background And Aims: The appropriate site for targeted biopsy during surveillance colonoscopy for ulcerative colitis (UC) is still unclear. We aimed to clarify key endoscopic findings suggestive of neoplastic lesions for targeted biopsy in UC.

Methods: First, we created 769 stereomicroscopic pictures (509 neoplastic, 260 non-neoplastic) mimicking magnifying colonoscopic images from surgically resected specimens, including areas surrounding 25 neoplastic lesions in 15 patients with colitis-associated cancer at a single referral center.

Comparison of the guidelines for colorectal cancer in Japan, the USA and Europe.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally as well as in Japan and has shown a pattern of increasing incidence and mortality rates. Therefore, guidelines for CRC are considered to be crucial for establishing standard medical treatment not only in Japan but also around the world. In this article, we explain the features of the representative guidelines in Japan (Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum [JSCCR]), the USA (National Comprehensive Cancer Network [NCCN]) and Europe (European Society for Medical Oncology [ESMO]) and review the differences among these guidelines for CRC.

Protrusion on the Depressed Surface of Non-polypoid T1 Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Venous Invasion.

Aim: The treatment strategies for T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) include both surgical and endoscopic resection. Surgical resection is indicated if lymphovascular invasion is present; however, the endoscopic prediction of lymphovascular invasion has not been reported. We aimed to correlate endoscopic morphology with pathological findings, including lymphovascular invasion, in non-polypoid T1 CRC.