Stoichiometry validation of supramolecular complexes with a hydrocarbon cage host by van 't Hoff analyses.

Defining chemical processes with equations is the first important step in characterizing equilibria for the assembly of supramolecular complexes, and the stoichiometry of the assembled components must be defined to generate the equation. Recently, this subject has attracted renewed interest, and statistical and/or information-theoretic measures were introduced to examine the validities of the equilibrium models used during curve fitting analyses of titration. The present study shows that these measures may not always be appropriate for credibility examinations and that further reformation of the protocols used to determine the overall stoichiometry is necessary.

Modeling Long-Term Facilitation of Respiration During Interval Exercise in Humans.

Long-term facilitation (LTF) of respiration has been mainly initiated by intermittent hypoxia and resultant chemoreceptor stimulation in humans. Comparable levels of chemoreceptor stimulation can occur in combined exercise and carbon dioxide (CO) inhalation and lead to LTF. This possibility was supported by data collected during combined interval exercise and 3% inhaled CO in seven normal subjects.

A minimal cage of a diamond twin with chirality.

A network of tetrahedral vertices can fill three-dimensional (3D) spaces in a beautiful and isotropic manner, which is found as diamonds with sp-hybridized carbon atoms. Although a network of trigonal vertices (i.e.

Altered chemosensitivity to CO during exercise.

The effect of exercise on chemosensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO ) has been controversial. Most studies have been based on rebreathing to alter inspired CO which is poorly tolerated in exercise. Instead, inhaling a fixed 3% CO from rest to moderate exercise was found to be well tolerated by seven normal subjects enabling CO chemosensitivity to be studied with minimal negative reaction.

[Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma with High Serum Granulocyte Coronary Stimulating Factor].

A 38-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of right chest pain and high fever. Chest X-ray and computed tomography scan revealed right pleural effusion and pleural thickness. Diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma was established by pleural biopsy.

Modeling cerebral blood flow and ventilation instability due to CO.

A minimal model of cerebral blood flow and respiratory control was developed to describe hypocapnic and hypercapnic responses. Important nonlinear properties such as cerebral blood flow changes with arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) and associated time-dependent circulatory time delays were included. It was also necessary to vary cerebral metabolic rate as a function of [Formula: see text].

Effect of 3% CO2 inhalation on respiratory exchange ratio and cardiac output during constant work-rate exercise.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine whether the decrease in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during constant work-rate exercise (CWE) with 3% carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation could be caused by the combination of the decrease in CO2 output (V̇CO2) and the increase in oxygen uptake (V̇O2). In addition, we investigated the effect of 3% CO2 inhalation on cardiac output (Q̇) during CWE.

Methods: Seven males (V̇O2max: 44.

Prediction of Spirometric Indices Using Forced Oscillometric Indices in Patients with Asthma, COPD, and Interstitial Lung Disease.

Background And Objective: Spirometry is sometimes difficult to perform in elderly patients and patients with cognitive impairment. Forced oscillometry (FOT) is a simple, noninvasive technique used for measuring respiratory impedance. The aim of this study was to develop regression equations to estimate vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) on the basis of FOT indices and to evaluate the accuracy of these equations in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease (ILD).

[Influence of Inversion Time of Fat Suppression Methods on Measurement of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient].

Recently, tumor differentiation in various tissues has been performed by using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. However, the influence of ADC value due to the different inversion time (TI) of fat suppression methods has not been reported yet. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to verify the influence of the different TI of fat suppression methods on the ADC value.

[Pneumonia and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Due to Group A Streptococci: A Case Report].

A 71-year-old woman who was undergoing immunosuppressive therapy presented with a 7-day history of productive cough and 2-day history of fever. She was diagnosed with severe pneumonia and septic shock. Meropenem, azithromycin, large amounts of fluids, and noradrenaline were administered, and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy was provided.

Nonparametric Model of Smooth Muscle Force Production During Electrical Stimulation.

A nonparametric model of smooth muscle tension response to electrical stimulation was estimated using the Laguerre expansion technique of nonlinear system kernel estimation. The experimental data consisted of force responses of smooth muscle to energy-matched alternating single pulse and burst current stimuli. The burst stimuli led to at least a 10-fold increase in peak force in smooth muscle from Mytilus edulis, despite the constant energy constraint.

A case of EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma that acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors with MET amplification and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

EGFR mutant lung cancer responds to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), but all patients eventually develop resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Herein we report a case of EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma that acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI with MET amplification and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A 73-year-old woman was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma harboring an EGFR exon 19 deletion.

Modeling rate sensitivity of exercise transient responses to limb motion.

Transient responses of ventilation (V̇e) to limb motion can exhibit predictive characteristics. In response to a change in limb motion, a rapid change in V̇e is commonly observed with characteristics different than during a change in workload. This rapid change has been attributed to a feed-forward or adaptive response.

Effect of hypercapnia on changes in blood pH, plasma lactate and ammonia due to exercise.

The present study examined the effects of hypercapnia on changes in blood pH, plasma lactate and ammonia due to exhaustive exercise. Six male subjects underwent exercise of increasing intensity until exhaustion: (1) breathing air = MAX (maximal exercise), or (2) under hypercapnia (HC: 21% O(2), 6% CO(2)) that had been maintained from 60 min before to 30 min after exercise = HC; and (3) exercise of the same intensity as HC in air = SUB (submaximal exercise). Arterialized blood was drawn from a superficial vein.

Effect of low oxygen inhalation on changes in blood pH, lactate, and ammonia due to exercise.

The present study examined the effect of hypoxia-induced respiratory alkalosis on exercise-induced metabolic acidosis and increases in plasma lactate and ammonia levels. Six male subjects underwent exercise of increasing intensity until exhaustion: (1) in normoxia (20.9% O(2)) (=MAX), (2) in hypoxia (12% O(2)) (=HP) in which hypoxic condition had been maintained from 60 min before to 30 min after exercise, and (3) the same intensity of exercise as HP in normoxia (=SUB).