Factors affecting outcome of acquired comitant esotropia with restricted use of digital devices: ACEDD Study 3.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate factors associated with outcomes after 3 months of instructed usage of hand-held digital devices (DD) in patients with acquired comitant esotropia (ACE).

Methods And Analysis: This prospective multicentre observational study included patients with ACE, aged 5-35 years, who used DD within 1 year of onset and were followed up for clinical findings and instructed use of DD. The outcomes were classified into four groups: cured, improved, unchanged and worsened.

Clinical presentations of acquired comitant esotropia in 5-35 years old Japanese and digital device usage: a multicenter registry data analysis study.

Purpose: To describe clinical presentations of acquired comitant esotropia and digital device use in children, adolescents, and young adults without neurological problems.

Study Design: Multicenter prospective observational study.

Methods: Patients with acquired comitant esotropia, without intracranial diseases aged 5-35 years at the time of visit, who were seen at pre-registered facilities within 1 year of onset were enrolled.

Hybrid Three-Dimensional Visualization of Choroidal Vasculature Imaged by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To create hybrid three-dimensional (3D) models of the choroidal vasculature from swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) angiography images and to evaluate the model's characteristics.

Methods: This study used prospective, noncomparative case series, including 21 eyes of 21 healthy individuals. The 6 × 6-mm macular area was imaged repeatedly to obtain two cube image sets.

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Axial Length in Preschool Children with Hyperopic Anisometropic Amblyopia.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between subfoveal choroidal thickness and axial length in Japanese preschool children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.

Methods: Twenty-four children between the age of 3 and 6 years exhibiting hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia were examined. Differences in spherical equivalent between the two eyes were over 1.

Survey of Japanese ophthalmic surgeons regarding perioperative disinfection and antibiotic prophylaxis in cataract surgery.

Purpose: To elucidate Japanese trends for perioperative disinfection and antibiotic selection during cataract surgeries.

Methods: Perioperative iodine use and antibiotic prophylaxis for cataract surgery were surveyed in eight regions in Japan by mail or through interviews from February 1 to March 1, 2014.

Results: We surveyed 572 surgeons, of whom 386 (67%) responded.

A Japanese Survey of Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify trends in the use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in cataract surgery in Japan.

Design: This was a national survey by mail or interview.

Methods: The use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in cataract surgery was evaluated by conducting a survey in 6 regions within Japan from October 1, 2011, to March 1, 2012.

X-irradiation removes endogenous primordial germ cells (PGCs) and increases germline transmission of donor PGCs in chimeric chickens.

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic precursors of germline cells with potential applications in genetic conservation, transgenic animal production and germline stem cell research. These lines of research would benefit from improved germline transmission of transplanted PGCs in chimeric chickens. We therefore evaluated the effects of pretransplant X-irradiation of recipient embryos on the efficacy of germline transmission of donor PGCs in chimeric chickens.

Characterization of brassinosteroid-regulated proteins in a nuclear-enriched fraction of Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells.

To identify nuclear proteins involved in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, a targeted proteomic approach was applied to Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured T87 cells. Cell growth was promoted by 0.1 μM brassinolide (BL) and inhibited by 5 μM brassinazole (Brz).

Efficient system for preservation and regeneration of genetic resources in chicken: concurrent storage of primordial germ cells and live animals from early embryos of a rare indigenous fowl (Gifujidori).

The unique accessibility of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) during early development provides the opportunity to combine the reproduction of live animals with genetic conservation. Male and female Gifujidori fowl (GJ) PGCs were collected from the blood of early embryos, and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for >6 months until transfer. Manipulated GJ embryos were cultured until hatching; fertility tests indicated that they had normal reproductive abilities.

Retinal arteriolar macroaneurysm and congenital retinal macrovessel.

Variations in the morphology of the aneurysm and its serosanguineous complications serve to make a retinal arteriolar macroaneurysm, a common masquerading entity, particularly if it is accompanied by another un-associated retinal vascular abnormality. The authors present a patient who had an unusually large retinal arteriolar macroaneurysm in conjunction with a congenital retinal macrovessel.

Crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with MALT lymphoma of the ocular adnexa: a case report with review of literature.

We report a case of crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) associated with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. The patient was an 81-year-old woman who presented with a 5-month history of a slowly enlarging tumor on her left lower eyelid. The tumor was 2 cm in the largest diameter, involving both inferior oblique and inferior rectus muscles.

Directional bias of neurons in V1 and V2 of strabismic monkeys: temporal-to-nasal asymmetry?

Purpose: Strabismus that develops shortly after birth is known to cause temporal-to-nasal eye movement asymmetries under monocular viewing. The neural mechanisms underlying this deficit are not well understood. In the current study, the hypothesis that this eye movement anomaly reflects a similar asymmetry in the directional response properties of neurons in the early stages of cortical processing was examined.

Binocular deficits associated with early alternating monocular defocus. II. Neurophysiological observations.

Experiencing binocularly conflicting signals early in life dramatically alters the binocular responses of cortical neurons. Because visual cortex is highly plastic during a critical period of development, cortical deficits resulting from early abnormal visual experience often mirror the nature of interocular decorrelation of neural signals from the two eyes. In the preceding paper, we demonstrated that monkeys that experienced early alternating monocular defocus (-1.

Topographic map reorganization in cat area 17 after early monocular retinal lesions.

Neither discrete peripheral retinal lesions nor the normal optic disk produces obvious holes in one's percept of the world because the visual brain appears to perceptually "fill in" these blind spots. Where in the visual brain or how this filling in occurs is not well understood. A prevailing hypothesis states that topographic map of visual cortex reorganizes after retinal lesions, which "sews up" the hole in the topographic map representing the deprived area of cortex (cortical scotoma) and may lead to perceptual filling in.

Effects of the duration of early strabismus on the binocular responses of neurons in the monkey visual cortex (V1).

Purpose: To determine how the duration of early strabismus influences the severity of loss of disparity sensitivity in V1 neurons and the effects of extensive poststrabismus visual experience on the maintenance of functional binocular connections.

Methods: Concomitant strabismus was optically simulated in 10 rhesus monkeys using a prism-rearing procedure. The onset of strabismus was kept constant at 4 weeks of age and the duration was maintained for 2, 4, or 8 weeks.