The aim of the present study was to use a quantitative fluorescence imaging technique to evaluate the invisible amount of residual lipid emulsion in port chambers flushed with various fundamental protocols. Chambers were filled with lipid emulsion containing indocyanine green and then flushed with 5-70 mL of normal saline. Chambers were flushed at various speeds (15-60 mL/min), with a time interval of 1 or 3 s between boluses, and with varying directions of flow.
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