Phytoconstituents of Artemisia Annua as potential inhibitors of SARS CoV2 main protease: an in silico study.

Background: In November 2019, the world faced a pandemic called SARS-CoV-2, which became a major threat to humans and continues to be. To overcome this, many plants were explored to find a cure.

Methods: Therefore, this research was planned to screen out the active constituents from Artemisia annua that can work against the viral main protease Mpro as this non-structural protein is responsible for the cleavage of replicating enzymes of the virus.

Optimal-Band Analysis for Chlorophyll Quantification in Rice Leaves Using a Custom Hyperspectral Imaging System.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a promising tool in chlorophyll quantification, providing a non-invasive method to collect important information for effective crop management. HSI contributes to food security solutions by optimising crop yields. In this study, we presented a custom HSI system specifically designed to provide a quantitative analysis of leaf chlorophyll content (LCC).

Immunoinformatics and Evaluation of Peptide Vaccines Derived from Global Hepatitis B Viral HBx and HBc Proteins Critical for Covalently Closed Circular DNA Integrity.

The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) HBx and HBc proteins play a crucial role in associating with covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the primary factor contributing to intrahepatic viral persistence and a major obstacle in achieving a cure for HBV. The cccDNA serves as a reservoir for viral persistence. Targeting the viral HBc and HBx proteins' interaction with cccDNA could potentially limit HBV replication.

Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization to Enhance Productivity and Profitability of Upland Rice Using CSM-CERES-Rice.

Nitrogen (N) deficiency can limit rice productivity, whereas the over- and underapplication of N results in agronomic and economic losses. Process-based crop models are useful tools and could assist in optimizing N management, enhancing the production efficiency and profitability of upland rice production systems. The study evaluated the ability of CSM-CERES-Rice to determine optimal N fertilization rate for different sowing dates of upland rice.

Unveiling the ESR1 Conformational Stability and Screening Potent Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment.

Background: The current study recognizes the significance of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) as a member of the nuclear receptor protein family, which holds a central role in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. ERα serves as a valuable prognostic marker, with its established relevance in predicting disease outcomes and treatment responses.

Methods: In this study, computational methods are utilized to search for suitable drug-like compounds that demonstrate analogous ligand binding kinetics to ERα.

[1, 8]-Naphthyridine derivatives as dual inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase.

[1,8]-Naphthyridine derivatives have been reported to possess important biological activities and may serve as attractive pharmacophores in the drug discovery process. [1,8]-Naphthyridine derivatives (1a-1l) were evaluated for inhibitory potential for isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). CAs have been reported to carry out reversible hydration of CO into HCO, secretion of electrolytes, acid-base regulation, bone resorption, calcification, and biosynthetic reactions.

Elucidation of genetic determinants of dyslipidaemia using a global screening array for the early detection of coronary artery disease.

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Understanding the genetic determinants of dyslipidemia can provide valuable information on the pathogenesis of CAD and aid in the development of early detection strategies. In this study, we used a Global Screening Array (GSA) to elucidate the genetic factors associated with dyslipidemia and their potential role in the prediction of CAD.

The role of TLR7 agonists in modulating COVID-19 severity in subjects with loss-of-function TLR7 variants.

We investigate the mechanism associated with the severity of COVID-19 in men with TLR7 mutation. Men with loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in TLR7 had severe COVID-19. LOF mutations in TLR7 increased the risk of critical COVID by 16.

Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of pyrazole-based benzene sulfonamides as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II, IX and XII.

The aberrant level of the carbonic anhydrase isozymes is linked with various disorders which include glaucoma, epilepsy, altitude sickness and obesity. In the present study, a series of the pyrazole-based benzene sulfonamides derivatives (4a-4l) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as the inhibitors of the three isoforms of human carbonic anhydrases (hCAII, hCAIX and hCAXII). A number of the derivatives were found more active inhibitors than acetazolamide used as a standard against the human hCAII, hCAIX and hCAXII.

Global and local evolutionary dynamics of Dengue virus serotypes 1, 3, and 4.

Evolutionary studies on Dengue virus (DENV) in endemic regions are necessary since naturally occurring mutations may lead to genotypic variations or shifts in serotypes, which may lead to future outbreaks. Our study comprehends the evolutionary dynamics of DENV, using phylogenetic, molecular clock, skyline plots, network, selection pressure, and entropy analyses based on partial CprM gene sequences. We have collected 250 samples, 161 in 2017 and 89 in 2018.

Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Kinetics of Influenza A Virus H3N2 Subtypes Circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Presence of a large foreign workforce and the annual gathering of people for pilgrimage from around the globe have significantly contributed to the emergence and diversity of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia. Here, we report the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the H3N2 subtype of influenza A virus (IAV) in clinical samples collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Based on RT-PCR, IAV was found in 88 (28.

Structure-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation of EGFR for the Clinical Treatment of Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a WHO Grade IV tumor with poor visibility, a high risk of comorbidity, and exhibit limited treatment options. Resurfacing from second-rate glioma was originally classified as either mandatory or optional. Recent interest in personalized medicine has motivated research toward biomarker stratification-based individualized illness therapy.

Indian Psychiatric Society multicentre study: Diagnostic patterns, comorbidity and prescription practices for patients with Dementia.

Background: There are more than 5 million people with dementia in India. Multicentre studies looking at details of treatment for people with dementia In India are lacking. Clinical audit is a quality improvement process which aims to systematically assess, evaluate, and improve patient care.

ON-1 and BA-IX Are the Dominant Sub-Genotypes of Human Orthopneumovirus A&B in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

(HOPV) is the major viral pathogen responsible for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and young children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Yet, predominant HOPV subtypes circulating in this region and their molecular and epidemiological characteristics are not fully ascertained. A total of 300 clinical samples involving nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs), throat swabs, and sputum were collected during winter seasons of 2019/2020 and 2021/2022 for HOPV subtyping and genotyping.

Vaccinomics-Aided Development of a Next-Generation Chimeric Vaccine against an Emerging Threat: .

, besides urethritis, causes a number of other sexually transmitted diseases, posing a significant health threat to both men and women, particularly in developing countries. In light of the rapid appearance of multidrug-resistant strains, is regarded as an emerging threat and has been placed on the CDC's "watch list". Hence, a protective vaccine is essential for combating this pathogen.

Recent advancement in OMICS approaches to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in legumes.

The world is facing rapid climate change and a fast-growing global population. It is believed that the world population will be 9.7 billion in 2050.

Development of pharmacogenomic algorithm to optimize nateglinide dose for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Nateglinide is a meglitinide used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Individual studies demonstrated the association of CYP2C9, SLCO1B1, and MTNR1B variants with the safety and efficacy of nateglinide. The current study aimed to develop a pharmacogenomic algorithm to optimize nateglinide therapy.

Identification of the Key miRNAs and Genes Associated with the Regulation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Network-Based Approach.

Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-associated deaths across the world in both men and women. Lung cancer consists of two major clinicopathological categories, i.e.

Synchronizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Planting Date to Improve Resource Use Efficiency, Productivity, and Profitability of Upland Rice.

Synchronizing nitrogen (N) fertilization with planting date (PD) could enhance resource use efficiency and profitability of upland rice ( L.) production in Thailand. The objective of the study was to assess upland rice responses to four N fertilization rates (NFRs) and three planting dates.

Structure-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of VEGF inhibitors for the clinical treatment of Ovarian Cancer.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor play an important role both in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, which is identified in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis development. The aim of the present investigation is to identify a potential vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor which is playing a crucial role in stimulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumor cells of the ovary and to examine the effectiveness of the identified inhibitor for the treatment of ovarian cancer using various in silico approaches. Twelve established VEGF inhibitors were collected from various literatures.

Mutation in the CX3C Motif of G Protein Disrupts Its Interaction with Heparan Sulfate: A Calorimetric, Spectroscopic, and Molecular Docking Study.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children and infants. To date, there is no effective vaccine available against RSV. Heparan sulfate is a type of glycosaminoglycan that aids in the attachment of the RSV to the host cell membrane via the G protein.

Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir in COVID-19 Positive Dialysis Patients.

(1) Background: Immune compromised hemodialysis patients are more likely to develop COVID-19 infections, which increase the risk of mortality. The benefits of Remdesivir, despite less literature support on its effectiveness in dialysis patients due to renal toxicity, can outweigh the risks if prescribed early. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Remdesivir on the 30-day in-hospital clinical outcome of hemodialysis population with COVID-19 infection and safety endpoints of adverse events.

Responses of Lowland Rice Genotypes under Terminal Water Stress and Identification of Drought Tolerance to Stabilize Rice Productivity in Southern Thailand.

Lowland rice is an important cereal crop that plays a key role in the food security and the economy of Thailand. Terminal water stress (TWS) in rainfed lowland areas poses threats to rice productivity due to stress occurrence at terminal crop stages and extreme sensitivity of rice to TWS. A two-year study was conducted to characterize the performance of yield and yield attributes of twelve Thai lowland rice genotypes under TWS, to identify stress-tolerant genotypes using stress response indices and to identify promising stress indices which are correlated with grain yield (GY) under well-watered (WW) and TWS conditions for their use as rapid identifiers in a rice crop breeding program for enhancing drought stress tolerance.

Structural Characterization of Ectodomain G Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Its Interaction with Heparan Sulfate: Multi-Spectroscopic and In Silico Studies Elucidating Host-Pathogen Interactions.

The global burden of disease caused by a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is becoming more widely recognized in young children and adults. Heparan sulfate helps in attaching the virion through G protein with the host cell membrane. In this study, we examined the structural changes of ectodomain G protein (edG) in a wide pH range.