Genetic Diversity of and its Effects on .

is a saprophytic or endophytic fungus that is found worldwide. Because of the antagonist effects of on many plant pathogens, current studies on have focused on the development of biological control agents and the utilization of its various metabolites. In this study, was collected from a wheat field, and its genetic diversity was analyzed.

NADPH Oxidase Gene, , Plays a Critical Role in Development and Virulence in .

NADPH oxidase is an enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species from oxygen and NADPH and is highly conserved in eukaryotes. In , a series of different Nox enzymes have been identified. NoxA is involved in sexual development and ascospore production and, like NoxB, also contributes to pathogenicity.

Transcriptome analyses of the ginseng root rot pathogens and to identify radicicol resistance mechanisms.

Background: The ascomycete fungi (Cd) and (Fs) cause ginseng root rot and significantly reduce the quality and yield of ginseng. Cd produces the secondary metabolite radicicol, which targets the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Fs is resistant to radicicol, whereas other fungal genera associated with ginseng disease are sensitive to it.

Survival Factor Gene Is Required for Normal Growth and Stress Resistance in .

Survival factor 1 (Svf1) is a protein involved in cell survival pathways. In , Svf1 is required for the diauxic growth shift and survival under stress conditions. In this study, we characterized the role of , the homolog in the homothallic ascomycete fungus .

Efficacy of Diphenyleneiodonium Chloride (DPIC) Against Diverse Plant Pathogens.

Many of the fungicides and antibiotics currently available against plant pathogens are of limited use due to the emergence of resistant strains. In this study, we examined the effects of diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPIC), an inhibitor of the superoxide producing enzyme NADPH oxidase, against fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. We found that DPIC inhibits fungal spore germination and bacterial cell proliferation.

Cooperative interactions between seed-borne bacterial and air-borne fungal pathogens on rice.

Bacterial-fungal interactions are widely found in distinct environments and contribute to ecosystem processes. Previous studies of these interactions have mostly been performed in soil, and only limited studies of aerial plant tissues have been conducted. Here we show that a seed-borne plant pathogenic bacterium, Burkholderia glumae (Bg), and an air-borne plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum (Fg), interact to promote bacterial survival, bacterial and fungal dispersal, and disease progression on rice plants, despite the production of antifungal toxoflavin by Bg.

Identification of Genes Related to Fungicide Resistance in .

We identified two genes related to fungicide resistance in through random mutagenesis. Targeted gene deletions showed that survival factor 1 deletion resulted in higher sensitivity to fungicides, while deletion of the gene encoding F-box/WD-repeat protein increased resistance, suggesting that the genes affect fungicide resistance in different ways.

[Tissue expansion under the cicatrix].

Objective: To investigate a more simple and effective method to repair cicatrix by tissue expansion.

Methods: The dilator with the capacity of 80 - 500 ml was implanted into the subcutaneous pocket under the cicatrix. After dilating for one to two months, the dilator was taken out and the wound surface of the cicatrix was removed.

[Full face dermabrasion for acne scars].

Objective: Dermabrasion has been of great value in plastic surgery. Dermabrasion was developed for a specific indication; however, within a very short time, the concept of dermabrasion found wide applicability. This study was to investigate the application of dermabrasion in the treatment of acne scars.

[Cleft lip nasal deformity corrected by an alar flap and the alar cartilage sling method].

Objective: To search an effective method to correct the secondary nasal deformity.

Methods: The "spilth" tissue asymmetry to the another side on the cleft side alar is formed as a flap, which is used to drive up or reconstruct the nostril base (sill), readjust nostril size and shape. The cleft side alar cartilage lateral foot is disassociated, replaced and fixed into the normal place.