Interaction Between a Gelsolin from Dendrorhynchus zhejiangensis with Three Gelsolin-Like Domains and Actin In Vitro.

The gelsolin family proteins are best known for involvement in cytoskeletal rearrangement by controlling actin organization during a variety of cellular processes. Previously, a 1962 bp cDNA encoding a 41.7 kDa protein with three gelsolin-like domains (G domains) from Dendrorhynchus zhejiangensis was identified and named as DzGSN.

Characterization of six IL-17 family genes in miiuy croaker and evolution analysis of vertebrate IL-17 family.

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) family is a cytokine family which is one of the major signaling molecules family involved in immunity. Six member of IL-17 family cytokines (IL-17A-F) were found in mammals. In fish, all IL-17 family genes except IL-17B and IL-17E have been isolated and identified.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Grammistes sexlineatus (Perciformes, Serranidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Grammistes sexlineatus was first determined and studied in the present study. The mitochondrial genome was 16,502 nucleotides that contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and one putative control region. The overall base composition of G.

Identification and characterization of miR-92a and its targets modulating Vibrio splendidus challenged Apostichopus japonicus.

miR-92a is a kind of disease related fine-tuning regulator which is not only related with tumorigenesis and tumor development but also participates in host-pathogen interaction in vertebrates. In present study, the potential targets of miR-92a in Apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes were screened by high-throughout sequencing and PCR approaches. Total of 10 annotated candidates were identified by hybrid PCR, and 23 were verified from RNA-seq, in which SMURF, PCBP and MEGF were found in both methods.

Proteomic identification of differentially expressed proteins in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes after Vibrio splendidus infection.

Skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) was the main limitation in the development of Apostichopus japonicus culture industries. To better understand how Vibrio splendidus modulates SUS outbreak, the immune response of A. japonicus coelomocytes after the pathogen challenge were investigated through comparative proteomics approach, and differentially expressed proteins were screened and characterized in the present study.

Divergent metabolic responses of Apostichopus japonicus suffered from skin ulceration syndrome and pathogen challenge.

Skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) is the main limitation in the development of Apostichopus japonicus culture industries, in which Vibrio splendidus has been well documented as one of the major pathogens. However, the intrinsic mechanisms toward pathogen challenge and disease outbreak remain largely unknown at the metabolic level. In this work, the metabolic responses were investigated in muscles of sea cucumber among natural SUS-diseased and V.

De novo assembly of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus hemocytes transcriptome to identify miRNA targets associated with skin ulceration syndrome.

Background: De novo transcriptome sequencing is a robust method of predicting miRNA target genes, especially samples without reference genomes. Differentially expressed miRNAs have been previously identified in hemocytes collected from healthy skin and from skin affected by skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) in Apostichopusjaponicus. Target identification for these differentially expressed miRNAs is a major challenge for this non-model organism.

Characterization of two negative regulators of the Toll-like receptor pathway in Apostichopus japonicus: inhibitor of NF-κB and Toll-interacting protein.

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling cascade plays a central role in host cell recognition and responses to microbial pathogens via the specific recognition of distinct pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). However, no negative regulators of the TLR-signaling cascade have been described in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). In the present study, two negative regulators known as the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) and Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) have been identified in coelomocytes of this species using transcriptome sequencing and RACE (denoted as AjIκB and AjTollip, respectively).

Two adaptor molecules of MyD88 and TRAF6 in Apostichopus japonicus Toll signaling cascade: molecular cloning and expression analysis.

Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) are two key adaptor molecules in Toll-like receptor signal transduction that triggers downstream cascades involved in innate immunity. Here we reported the isolation and characterization the full-length cDNAs of MyD88 and TRAF6 from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (denoted as AjMyD88 and AjTRAF6, respectively). Both of two factors shared a remarkable high degree of structural conservation with their mammalian and Drosophila orthologs, such as a typical death domain (DD) and a conservative Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain for the deduced amino acid of AjMyD88, a zinc finger of RING-type, two zinc fingers of TRAF-type, a coiled-coil region, and a MATH domain for that of AjTRAF6.

Identification of differential expressed proteins and characterization their mRNA expression in thermally stressed Apostichopus japonicus.

In this study, we present a comparative proteomic analysis of the global protein expression changes in sea cucumber after 7 days exposure at 25°C. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF MS/MS, 27 protein spots with significant differences in abundance were identified and characterized. The identified proteins belonged primarily to the following four functional categories: cytoskeletal, material and energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis and extracellular matrix.

The link between selenium binding protein from Sinonovacula constricta and environmental pollutions exposure.

Selenium binding proteins (SeBPs) play a crucial role in controlling the oxidation/reduction in many physiological processes. Here we reported the isolation and characterization of a cDNA of SeBP gene from Sinonovacula constricta (denoted as ScSeBP). The full-length cDNA of ScSeBP was of 2345 bp, consisting of a 5'UTR of 246 bp, a 3' UTR of 626 bp, and a complete ORF of 1473 bp encoding a polypeptide with 491 amino acid residues.

A small heat shock protein (sHSP) from Sinonovacula constricta against heavy metals stresses.

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are ATP-independent molecular chaperones and involved into many physiological and stress processes. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of sHSP was cloned from razor clam Sinonovacula constricta (denoted as ScsHSP) through cDNA library and PCR approaches. Some feature motifs like the typical α-crystalline domain with six beta strands, three susceptible phosphorylation serines (S(15), S(78), and S(82)) were conserved in the deduce amino acid of ScsHSP.

A ferritin from Dendrorhynchus zhejiangensis with heavy metals detoxification activity.

Ferritin, an iron homeostasis protein, has important functions in transition and storage of toxic metal ions. In this study, the full-length cDNA of ferritin was isolated from Dendrorhynchus zhejiangensis by cDNA library and RACE approaches. The higher similarity and conserved motifs for ferritin were also identified in worm counterparts, indicating that it belonged to a new member of ferritin family.

Characterisation of immune-related gene expression in clam (Venerupis philippinarum) under exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) mediates the immune system mainly by triggering the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in higher animals. In the present study, spatial variation in the expression of immune-related genes in clam (Venerupis philippinarum) under acute short-term DEHP treatment was assessed by qPCR. The expression of six genes including glutamine synthetase (GS), IkB (IK), transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), cyclophilin A-1 (CypA-1), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was dose-dependent.

Characterization of skin ulceration syndrome associated microRNAs in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by deep sequencing.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a family of small RNA species which have been demonstrated to be one of key effectors in mediating host-pathogen interaction. In this study, two haemocytes miRNA libraries were constructed with deep sequenced by illumina Hiseq2000 from healthy (L1) and skin ulceration syndrome Apostichopus japonicus (L2). The high throughput solexa sequencing resulted in 9,579,038 and 7,742,558 clean data from L1 and L2, respectively.

Development and application of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detecting live Shewanella putrefaciens in preserved fish sample.

Unlabelled: Given that live Shewanella putrefaciens is one of the major causes of spoilage for aquatic products even in chill storage, the rapid and accurate detection process is the first priority. In the present study, a novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) detecting assay was developed by targeting internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence between 16S and 23S rRNA. At the same time, a new procaryotic mRNA isolation strategy was also established by introducing a polyA tail to RNA during cDNA synthesis step.

Two classes of glutathione S-transferase genes with different response profiles to bacterial challenge in Venerupis philippinarum.

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is major cytosolic detoxification enzymes involved in many pathological and physiological processes. In the present study, two classes of GSTs (VpGST-1 and VpGST-2) were cloned from Venerupis philippinarum haemocytes by cDNA library and RACE approaches. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis together supported that they belonged to a new member of sigma and pi classes GSTs protein family, respectively.

Cloning and characterization of a sialic acid binding lectins (SABL) from Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum.

Sialic acid binding lectin (SABL) is a member of immunoglobulin-like lectins family that are thought to promote cell-cell interactions and regulate the functions of cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems through glycan recognition. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of SABL was identified from Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum (denoted as VpSABL) by cDNA library and RACE approaches. The cDNA of VpSABL consisted of a 5'terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 62 bp, a 3' UTR of 354 bp with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 588 bp encoding a polypeptide of 195 amino acids with a typical C1q domain in the C-terminus.

Identification and characterization of a clam ferritin from Sinonovacula constricta.

Ferritin, a major iron storage protein of most living organisms, plays a crucial role in iron metabolism. Here we reported the isolation and characterization of a cDNA of ferritin gene from Sinonovacula constricta (denoted as ScFER). The full-length cDNA of ScFER was of 996 bp, consisting of a 5'-UTR of 120 bp, a 3'-UTR of 360 bp, and a complete open reading frame of 516 bp encoding a polypeptide with 171 amino acid residues.

A manganese superoxide dismutase in blood clam Tegillarca granosa: molecular cloning, tissue distribution and expression analysis.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.

Identification and characterization of a Tegillarca granosa ferritin regulated by iron ion exposure and thermal stress.

Ferritin, a conserved iron storage protein of most living organisms, plays a crucial role in iron metabolism. In this study, the ferritin gene from Tegillarca granosa (denoted as TgFER) was identified by expressed sequence tag (EST) and PCR approaches. The full-length cDNA of TgFER was of 895bp, consisting of a 5'-UTR of 163 bp with a putative iron regulatory element (IRE), a 3'-UTR of 213 bp, and a complete open reading frame of 519 bp encoding a polypeptide with 172 amino acid residues.

Molecular characterization of a novel big defensin from clam Venerupis philippinarum.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important mediators of the primary defense mechanism against microbial invasion. In the present study, a big defensin was identified from Venerupis philippinarum haemocytes (denoted as VpBD) by RACE and EST approaches. The VpBD cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 285 bp encoding a polypeptide of 94 amino acids.

Cloning and characterization of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) from Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum.

Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a 17 kDa interferon-γ-inducible Ca(2+)-binding EF-hand protein that plays a significant role not only in different host responses to inflammatory stimuli, but in the whole host immune defense reaction. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of AIF-1 was identified from manila clam Venerupis philippinarum (denoted as VpAIF-1) by cDNA library and RACE approaches. The cDNA of VpAIF-1 consisted of a 5-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 153 bp, a 3'UTR of 219 bp with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 516 bp encoding a polypeptide of 171 amino acids with the putative molecular mass of 17 kDa.

Cloning and expression of the Mn-SOD gene from Phascolosoma esculenta.

Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; SOD(2)) is an important antioxidant defense enzyme. In this study, a full-length Mn-SOD cDNA was cloned from the cDNA library of Phascolosoma esculenta. The cDNA is 1385 bp in length, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 681 bp encoding 226 amino acids.

Molecular cloning and expression of prostaglandin F2α receptor isoforms during ovulation in the ovarian follicles of Xenopus laevis.

Prostaglandins F2α levels increase during ovulatory period in Xenopus laevis in response to stimulation by gonadotropins and progesterone. PGF2α exerts its effects on ovulation through interaction with its receptor (FP) in ovaries. Little is known about the characteristics of the FP receptor and its regulation during the ovulatory period in non-mammalian species.