Formulation of into an Herbal Emulgel for the Management of Inflammation.

Globally, the incidence of inflammation and inflammatory disorders has continued to rise at an alarming rate. is a species of flowering plant widely distributed in Africa and has been used for the management of sickle cell disease, rheumatism, ocular inflammation, duodenal and stomach ulcers. This research aims to formulate and evaluate an anti-inflammatory herbal emulgel using an extract from stem bark (EUB).

Application of the navigation guide systematic review methodology to evaluate prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution and infant birth weight.

Low birth weight is an important risk factor for many co-morbidities both in early life as well as in adulthood. Numerous studies report associations between prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and low birth weight. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses report varying effect sizes and significant heterogeneity between studies, but did not systematically evaluate the quality of individual studies or the overall body of evidence.

Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Clinical Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in Osogbo, Nigeria.

The use of vancomycin for treatment of serious infections caused by MRSA strains has resulted in emergence of vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) in clinical settings. Following our previous report of phenotypic VRSA in Nigeria, the current study attempts to determine the genetic basis underlying this resistance. Over a period of 6 months, non-duplicate clinical isolates from 73 consecutive patients with infective conditions at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo were tested against a panel of eight selected antibiotics by disk diffusion test.

Assessment of chronic inhalation non-cancer toxicity for diethylamine.

A non-cancer inhalation chronic toxicity assessment for diethylamine (DEA, CAS number 109-89-7) was conducted by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. A chronic Reference Value (ReV) was determined based on a high-quality study conducted in mice and rats by the National Toxicology Program. Chronic inhalation ReVs are health-based exposure concentrations used in assessing health risks of long-term (i.

Phenotypic Detection of Genitourinary Candidiasis among Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Attendees in Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.

The management of genitourinary candidiasis (GC) is fraught with challenges, especially, in an era of increasing antifungal resistance. This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between May 2013 and January 2014 determined the prevalence and characteristics of GC and the species of Candida among 369 attendees of a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) clinic of Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Appropriate urogenital specimen collected from each attendee was examined by microscopy and culture for Candida, with preliminary species identification by CHROMAgar Candida and confirmation by Analytical Profile Index (API) 20C AUX.

Persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in ambulatory human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Nigeria: Risk factors and molecular features.

This longitudinal study on Staphylococcus aureus colonization in Nigerian human immunodeficiency virus patients (n = 187) found a trend towards a higher proportion of persistent S. aureus carriage in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection, low CD4+ cell counts, and a predominance of isolates belonging to ST8/spa-CC064 in persistent carriers.

Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Parasitaemia and Its Correlation with Haematological Parameters among HIV-Positive Individuals in Nigeria.

Malaria and HIV are the two most important health challenges of our time. Haematologic abnormalities are features in Plasmodium falciparum infection, and anaemia is a well-known outcome. The prevalence and haematological impact of P.

Assessment of Clinical Diagnosis, Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Tests, and Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Nigeria.

This study compares the performance of clinical diagnosis and three laboratory diagnostic methods (thick film microscopy (TFM), rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Nigeria. Using clinical criteria, 217 children were recruited into the study out of which 106 (48.8%) were positive by TFM, 84 (38.

Prevalence of tet genes mediating tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates in Osun State, Nigeria.

The occurrence of tetracycline resistance determinants in 203 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from clinical samples at three different hospitals in Nigeria between June 2009 and May 2010 was investigated. The isolates were subjected to standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility to a panel of eight antibiotics was also performed, and resistance genes were detected with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Introduction: The characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus differs according to geographical regions and in relation to antibiotic usage. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical characteristics of the prevalent S. aureus from Ekiti State, Nigeria, and to evaluate three commonly used disk diffusion methods (cefoxitin, oxacillin, and methicillin) for the detection of methicillin resistance in comparison with mecA gene detection by polymerase chain reaction.

Characterization of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci in the clinical setting: a multicentre study in Nigeria.

Background: The staphylococci are implicated in a variety of human infections; however, many clinical microbiology laboratories in Nigeria do not identify staphylococci (in particular coagulase negative staphylococci - CNS) to the species level. Moreover, data from multi-centre assessment on antibiotic resistance and epidemiology of the staphylococci are not available in Nigeria. This study investigated 91 non-duplicate staphylococcal isolates obtained from the microbiology laboratories of eight hospitals in Nigeria during the period January to April 2010.

Prevalence of hospital-acquired enterococci infections in two primary-care hospitals in osogbo, southwestern Nigeria.

Enterococci are opportunistic bacteria that become pathogenic when they colonize niches where they are not normally found. Of recent, they have become major cause of nosocomial infections, especially of the bloodstream, urinary tract and surgical sites. The aim of this study is to determine the point-prevalence rate of human enterococci infections among hospitalized patients in Osogbo, Nigeria.

Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: a review of the molecular epidemiology, clinical significance and laboratory detection methods.

Background: Despite the volume of knowledge, enhanced surveillance and infection control measures adopted by health care institutions to address the endemicity and frequent disease outbreaks by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals and health care facilities worldwide, infections due to this organism are still responsible for about 50% of hospital acquired S. aureus infections, with increasing morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To provide regional clinicians with current information on the molecular epidemiology, laboratory detection and clinical aspects of MRSA.

Loa loa meningoencephalitis in Southwestern Nigeria.

Background: Neurological complication of loiasis is an uncommon event, and is usually precipitated by treatment especially if microfilaria loads are high.

Objective: To report an unusual presentation of loiasis with central nervous system involvement.

Case Report: A 60-year-old farmer of Yoruba origin from Southwestern Nigeria, developed meningoencephalitis from Loa loa, unrelated to antifilarial drug treatment.

Widal agglutination titres in the diagnosis of typhoid fever.

Background: Typhoid fever has continued to pose considerable health problems world-wide. This problem is made worse by misdiagnosis through the use of a single pretreatment Widal agglutination test in may developing countries.

Objective: This is to enable us establish the appropriate titres suitable for a reliable diagnosis of typhoid fever in our environment.

A 12-year review of cases of adult tetanus managed at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

In this review, hospital case records of 202 adult tetanus managed between January 1990 and December 2001 in a tertiary institution in Southwestern Nigeria were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 36.1+/-17.

Tuberculosis treatment outcomes in State Hospital, Osogbo, southwestern Nigeria: a four year review.

Background: A retrospective review of all cases of tuberculosis (TB) enrolled in the directly observed treatment-short course chemotherapy (DOT-SCC) between June 2000 and June 2004 at a General Hospital in Southwestern Nigeria was undertaken. The aim is to determine treatment outcomes and ascertain the effectiveness of the programme for TB control.

Methodology: Case registers of all TB patients enrolled were reviewed and data obtained analyzed by statistical methods.

Screening for syphilis during pregnancy in Nigeria: a practice that must continue.

Objective: To determine the seroprevalence rate of syphilis among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics of a teaching and a state specialist hospital in Nigeria, in order to ascertain whether maternal screening should be incorporated into routine antenatal care of our hospitals.

Methods: A screening for syphilis for 505 newly registered pregnant women was carried out using the qualitative rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test. All reactive sera were then subjected to the quantitative RPR test to estimate the titre of each sample.

Clinical and microbiological profiles of ear infections in Osogbo, Nigeria.

Despite the fact that discharging ears (DE) are one of the most common presentations to ear, nose and throat (ENT) clinics in the tropics, few reports have documented the aetiologic agents involved. The pathogenesis is therefore not fully understood and treatment remains controversial. We present in this report the microbiological characteristics of DE over a 3-year-period at the ENT clinic of Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Southwest Nigeria.

Risk of nosocomial bacteria transmission: evaluation of cleaning methods of probes used for routine ultrasonography.

Background: There exists a small but definite risk of nosocomial infection transmission attributable to ultrasonography probes and coupling gels.

Objective: Our objective was to ascertain whether the current method of probe disinfection in between patients is adequate to prevent cross infection, and to determine the best and safest method of probe disinfection applicable during routine ultrasonography in our institution.

Materials And Method: Forty consecutive patients sent for routine ultrasonography at the Radiology Department of our institution in the month of January 2004 were studied.

Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Background: Nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus constitute significant epidemiologic problems. Defining an outbreak requires the use of rapid and highly discriminatory epidemiologic methods to determine the epidemic strains involved in such outbreak.

Study Design: A descriptive laboratory based surveillance study for MRSA was undertaken.

Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among hospital personnel in a Nigerian hospital environment.

Among the 395 hospital staff examined during this study, 35.2pc of them were found to carry S. aureus in their anterior nares.