Global Strategies for Postoperative Care and Bowel Management in Patients With Anorectal Malformations: Varied Practices and Barriers.

Background: Anorectal malformations (ARMs) commonly result in constipation and fecal incontinence following primary surgical reconstruction. This study investigates global variations in postoperative care and resources.

Methods: A survey was distributed via the International Pediatric Endosurgery Group (IPEG) and snowball sampling.

Study protocol for a pilot quasi-experimental study on oral health education for nurses and community health workers in Nigeria.

Introduction: The primary health care system provides an ideal setting for the integration of oral health into general health care as well as equitable access to oral health care. However, the limited oral health knowledge of primary health care workers necessitates appropriate training before they can participate in health promotion efforts. This pilot training was designed to examine the impact of the Oral Health Education module for Nurses and Community Health Care Workers on their oral health awareness and referral practices.

Association between self-reported oral habits and oral health related quality of life of adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Oral habits such as nail biting, thumb/digit sucking and teeth grinding could be harmful, and may lead to teeth misalignment, anterior open bite, protruded or flared upper anterior teeth especially if they persist into adolescence. Such orofacial dysfunction may result to impairment of the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of an individual. The extent to which oral habits affect the major domains of the self-reported outcomes remains understudied especially during adolescence, a unique period of growth, where there is increased aesthetic desire, increased self-awareness, and unique social and psychological needs.

Impact of oral hygiene habits on oral health-related quality of life of in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Recent evidence has shown that the prevalence of periodontal diseases is still high among adolescents and, thus, there is an impetus to promote good oral hygiene habits among them through schools. There is a need to provide baseline data on the oral hygiene habits of adolescents and how it impacts their oral health-related quality of life for appropriate intervention to be instituted. Moreover, oral health-related quality of life describes how oral health affects the daily activities of individuals; thus, it provides a holistic means of involving individuals in making decisions about their oral health including uptake of oral hygiene habits.

"Oral health as an important milieu for social and mental health": Perspectives of adolescents emerging from a qualitative study.

Background: Recent evidence showed that the prevalence of oral diseases is still high among adolescents in many developing countries, including Nigeria. It therefore has becomes pertinent to focus on appropriate oral health interventions to promote oral health among them. This necessitates investigating the perspectives of adolescents, who are the major stakeholders, on the importance of oral health as baseline data needed in planning appropriate primary interventions.

Steri-strip versus subcuticular skin closure of paediatric groin wounds: A randomised study.

Background: A technique that offers the best chance of an optimal result is most appropriate to be employed for wound closure.

Aims: We set out to compare the cosmetic outcome, and wound complication rates associated with clean paediatric groin wounds closed using Steri-Strip™ or subcuticular suturing.

Settings And Design: A prospective randomised study.

Experience with the management of anorectal malformations in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Introduction: anorectal malformation is a multi-systemic birth defect of the distal gastrointestinal tract, the management of which is challenging to the surgeons, the patients and the parents. The presence of associated congenital malformations may worsen the outcome with consequent psychosocial effects on the patients and the parents. The characteristics of anorectal malformations with the challenges associated with their management and the outcomes are therefore presented here.

Clinicopathologic Features of Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma and Treatment Outcomes in Ibadan, Nigeria: A 10-year Review.

The objectives of this study were to describe the clinicopathologic features and treatment outcomes of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma in a resource-constrained setting. All cases of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma seen over a 10-year period (July 2006 to June 2016) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria were reviewed. Data were extracted from the database of the pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit of the hospital and analyzed.

Treating pediatric colorectal patients in low and middle income settings: Creative adaptation to the resources available.

Colorectal disease profiles for children in low- and middle-income settings (LMIC) are characterized by late presentation, increased complications and limited follow-up in many cases. There is a high prevalence of infectious conditions causing secondary colorectal disease such as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(TB), Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) and Human Papilloma Virus(HPV), which also impact the management of other primary colorectal conditions, such as wound-healing and intestinal anastomosis. Perineal trauma from sexual assault, motor vehicle or pedestrian accidents, burns, and traditional enemas are commonly encountered and may require adaptation of principles used in treatment of congenital anomalies such as Hirschsprung's disease and Anorectal Malformations for reconstruction.

Outcome of Management of Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction at a Tertiary Center in Nigeria.

Background: Intestinal obstruction in a newborn remains a significant emergency in pediatric surgery. Clinical presentation is often subtle with sudden deterioration of their clinical states. Clinical outcome in the developing countries is poor owing to a variety of factors.

The Value of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of a Rare Congenital Dermoid Cyst of the Anterior Fontanelle in an Infant.

A dermoid cyst is a benign lesion that may occur in different parts of the body. A dermoid cyst of the subgaleal space over the anterior fontanelle is rather uncommon. We present a case of congenital dermoid cyst of the anterior fontanelle in a 3-month-old male infant, underscoring the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and highlighting the classical clinical, sonographic, surgical, and pathological findings.

Overview of Anorectal Malformations in Africa.

Anorectal malformation is one of the most common structural congenital malformations treated by pediatric surgeons globally. The outcome of care is largely dependent on the spectrum, clinical features, associated malformations, expertise of the surgeons, and available perioperative facilities. Africa has a large burden of unmet surgical needs in children, and as in other low resource settings, local pediatric surgeons are faced with different and challenging clinical scenarios, hence, adopt various measures to enable children with surgically correctable congenital malformations to survive.

Syngnathia.

Syngnathia is a congenital fusion of the upper and lower jaws. Its occurrence poses a significant challenge to feeding and its management is challenging to both the surgeon and the anaesthetist. Reports in the literature are mainly clinical reports or case series.

Positioning the Umbilicus in African Newborns with Large Anterior Abdominal Wall Defects.

Objective: We tried to determine the normal position of the umbilicus in African newborns with a potential application in aesthetically acceptable umbilical reconstruction.

Subjects And Methods: The study involves a cross-sectional study of 896 healthy neonates who underwent clinical abdominal examination and measurement of the distances between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus (XU), xiphoid process and the pubis (XP), umbilicus and the pubis (UP), umbilicus and the anterior superior iliac spine (UASIS), abdominal girth (AG), and inter anterior superior iliac spines (IASIS) distance. The gestational age at delivery, age at measurement, sex, AG measured across the umbilicus, birth weight (BW), body length, and body mass index of the newborns were recorded.

Circumcision and its effects in Africa.

Male circumcision is one of the most commonly performed procedures in Africa, with a wide variation between the different regions on the practice. This is because circumcision is often done for religious and cultural or traditional reasons, which includes being part of rituals or rite of passage to adulthood. There had been few medical indications for the procedure until the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, which is prevalent in many of the countries in the region.

Childhood intussusception: Impact of delay in presentation in a developing country.

Background: The classical cases of intussusception are readily diagnosed clinically, and despite recent improvements in radiological techniques, the diagnosis of intussusception and success in its nonoperative reduction has been suboptimal, thus making operative management a veritable backup. This study examined the impact of delays in presentation on the rate of bowel resection, length of hospital stay, and appraised the outcome of operative treatment.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective study of consecutive children admitted and treated surgically for intussusception between January 2002 and December 2011 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Use of a Heineke-Mikulicz like stricturoplasty for intractable skin level anal strictures following anoplasty in children with anorectal malformations.

Introduction: We introduced a modification of the Heineke-Mikulicz technique to treat intractable skin level anal strictures post posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP). The aim of this article is to describe the technique and outcome in a series of patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of patients who had Heineke-Mikulicz like stricturoplasty performed for a post PSARP skin level stricture over a one-year period.

Childhood intussusception: A prospective study of management trend in a developing country.

Background: The management of intussusception has evolved universally from the use of hydrostatic reduction through operative reduction to the use of pneumatic reduction for the acute and uncomplicated cases and surgical reduction for the complicated cases. However, the process of evolution has been very slow in the developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa, due to lack of requisite facilities and expertise to manage these patients nonoperatively. This study examined the trends in the management of childhood intussusception in a developing country, compared operative and nonoperative modalities of treatment, and assessed the impact of delayed presentation on the outcome of management.

Knowledge of birth defects among nursing mothers in a developing country.

Background: In the absence of established guidelines, where formal screening is unavailable for birth defects, a lot of responsibility is placed on parents in the recognition of these defects.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the awareness of mothers about birth effects in a developing country and assess what they know about the prevention, detection and treatment of children with birth defects.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 714 mothers consecutively selected at two major hospitals in Nigeria between May and December, 2012.

Determinants of folic acid intake during preconception and in early pregnancy by mothers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Introduction: In order to identify targets for primary preventive strategies, we explored possible predictors of periconceptional folic acid (pFA) intake in a Nigerian population of reproductively active women.

Methods: A cross sectional study of mothers attending immunization clinics at two hospitals was conducted between May and November 2012. Information obtained included sociodemographic and obstetric details and periconceptional usage of FA.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection and acute myocardial infarction after cesarean section in a postpartum woman with untreated dyslipidemia.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We are presenting a case of a young woman with a history of untreated dyslipidemia presented with AMI secondary to left anterior descending coronary artery dissection during postpartum period. Physicians should be aware of this rare etiology of AMI which occurs during pregnancy and postpartum, since early diagnosis and treatment play a key role in saving both the mother and the baby.