Effects of flusulfamide on spore germination of .

Flusulfamide inhibits germination of resting spores to suppress clubroot disease, but its mechanism of action on the germination of resting spores remains unclear. In this study, resting spores were treated with flusulfamide and visualized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gene expression of resting spores was analyzed using RT-PCR, followed by immunoblotting analysis.