Application of fluorescent cholangiography to complex biliary variants of the confluence of the cystic duct and the infraportal type of the left lateral bile duct during single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A case report.

A 21-year-old man was diagnosed with segmental adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder based on ultrasonography and computed tomography images. Computed tomography with drip infusion cholangiography revealed that the cystic duct joined the infraportal type of the left lateral bile duct (IPLLBD), which runs caudal to the umbilical portion, and that the left medial bile duct joined the right hepatic duct without forming the left hepatic duct. We planned a single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy with fluorescent cholangiography.

Loss of Trefoil Factor 1 Accelerates the Immune Response to Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Recent studies suggest that PD-L1 expression in immune cells, rather than tumor cells, plays a key role in tumor immunity. Trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) is a secreted protein expressed mainly by the gastrointestinal epithelium and is related to the development of malignant disease. This study investigated the effects of TFF1 on tumor immunity in a xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Dysfunction of infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells within the graft promotes murine kidney allotransplant tolerance.

Tolerance of mouse kidney allografts arises in grafts that develop regulatory tertiary lymphoid organs (rTLOs). Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data and adoptive transfer of alloreactive T cells after transplantation showed that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are reprogrammed within the accepted graft to an exhausted/regulatory-like phenotype mediated by IFN-γ. Establishment of rTLOs was required because adoptive transfer of alloreactive T cells prior to transplantation results in kidney allograft rejection.

A clinical assessment of three-dimensional-printed liver model navigation for thrice or more repeated hepatectomy based on a conversation analysis.

Purposes: We performed a conversation analysis of the speech conducted among the surgical team during three-dimensional (3D)-printed liver model navigation for thrice or more repeated hepatectomy (TMRH).

Methods: Seventeen patients underwent 3D-printed liver navigation surgery for TMRH. After transcription of the utterances recorded during surgery, the transcribed utterances were coded by the utterer, utterance object, utterance content, sensor, and surgical process during conversation.

Liver remnant volume to body weight ratio of 0.65% as a lower limit in right hepatic trisectionectomy with bile duct resection.

Background: Previous studies have suggested the utility of an indocyanine green plasma clearance rate of the future liver remnant (FLR) (ICGK-F) ≥0.05 in hepatobiliary resection to reduce the surgical risk. The present study aimed to verify whether future liver remnant size rather than ICGK-F matters in extended hepatobiliary resection.

The Goal of Intraoperative Blood Loss in Major Hepatobiliary Resection for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Saving Patients From a Heavy Complication Burden.

Objective: To determine the goal of intraoperative blood loss in hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Although massive bleeding can negatively affect the postoperative course, the target value of intraoperative bleeding to reduce its adverse impact is unknown.

Methods: Patients who underwent major hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma between 2010 and 2019 were included.

Cyclodextrin Conjugated α-Bisabolol Suppresses FAK Phosphorylation and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer.

Background/aim: α-Bisabolol is an essential oil component extracted from plants, such as chamomile. We have previously reported that α-bisabolol suppressed proliferation, invasion, and motility of pancreas cancer. Cyclodextrin improved the solubility of α-bisabolol, therefore it enabled to administer intravenously.

Prediction of R Status in Resections for Pancreatic Cancer Using Simplified Radiological Criteria.

Objective: Predicting R status before surgery for pancreatic cancer (PDAC) patients with upfront surgery and neoadjuvant therapy.

Summary Background Data: Negative surgical margins (R0) are a key predictor of long-term outcomes in PDAC.

Methods: Patients undergoing pancreatic resection with curative intent for PDAC were identified.

Identification of cell cycle-associated and -unassociated regulators for expression of a hepatocellular carcinoma oncogene cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3.

Human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) is a known oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its expression is promoted during tumor development. CDKN3 serves as a cell cycle regulator and its dysregulation is considered to be a causal factor for tumor progression. However, the molecular basis of the regulation of CDKN3 expression remains largely elusive.

Concepts and Outcomes of Perioperative Therapy in Stage IA-III Pancreatic Cancer-A Cross-Validation of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and the German Cancer Registry Group of the Society of German Tumor Centers (GCRG/ADT).

(1) Background: The aim of this study is to assess perioperative therapy in stage IA-III pancreatic cancer cross-validating the German Cancer Registry Group of the Society of German Tumor Centers-Network for Care, Quality, and Research in Oncology, Berlin (GCRG/ADT) and the National Cancer Database (NCDB). (2) Methods: Patients with clinical stage IA-III PDAC undergoing surgery alone (OP), neoadjuvant therapy (TX) + surgery (neo + OP), surgery+adjuvantTX (OP + adj) and neoadjuvantTX + surgery + adjuvantTX (neo + OP + adj) were identified. Baseline characteristics, histopathological parameters, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.

ABO blood group distribution and risk of malignancy in patients undergoing resection for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN).

Background: The ABO blood type has been associated with risk of development of several malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. Data regarding IPMN is equivocal. To investigate this further, we analyzed the association between the ABO blood group and the presence of malignancy in a large cohort of resected IPMN and its influence in survival.

"Evolving Trends in Pancreatic Cystic Tumors: A 3-Decade Single-Center Experience With 1290 Resections".

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe our institutional experience with resected cystic tumors of the pancreas with emphasis on changes in clinical presentation and accuracy of preoperative diagnosis.

Summary Background Data: Incidental discovery of pancreatic cystic lesions has increased and has led to a rise in pancreatic resections. It is important to analyze surgical outcomes from these procedures, and the prevalence of malignancy, pre-malignancy and resections for purely benign lesions, some of which may be unintended.

T cells armed with C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 enhance adoptive cell therapy for pancreatic tumours.

The efficacy of adoptive cell therapy for solid tumours is hampered by the poor accumulation of the transferred T cells in tumour tissue. Here, we show that forced expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 (whose ligand is highly expressed by human and murine pancreatic cancer cells and tumour-infiltrating immune cells) in antigen-specific T cells enhanced the recognition and lysis of pancreatic cancer cells and the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy for pancreatic cancer. In mice with subcutaneous pancreatic tumours treated with T cells with either a transgenic T-cell receptor or a murine chimeric antigen receptor targeting the tumour-associated antigen epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and in mice with orthotopic pancreatic tumours or patient-derived xenografts treated with T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor targeting mesothelin, the T cells exhibited enhanced intratumoral accumulation, exerted sustained anti-tumoral activity and prolonged animal survival only when co-expressing C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6.

Pre-exposure to Fluorouracil Increased Trifluridine Incorporation and Enhanced its Anti-tumor Effect for Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is used for metastatic colorectal cancer, that is refractory to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapies. However, the impact of pre-exposure to 5-FU on the anti-cancer effect of FTD, which is a key component of FTD/TPI, is unclear.

Materials And Methods: The incorporation into DNA and anti-cancer activity of FTD were analyzed in several cancer cell lines under response to FTD treatment with or without 5-FU pre-exposure.

Establishment of consomic strains derived from A/J and SM/J mice for genetic analysis of complex traits.

Consomic strains, in which one chromosome is derived from a donor strain and the other chromosomes are derived from the recipient strain, provide a powerful tool for the dissection of complex genetic traits. In this study we established ten consomic strains (A-2(SM), A-6(SM), A-11(SM), A-12(SM), A-13(SM), A-15(SM), A-17(SM), A-18(SM), A-19(SM), A-Y(SM)) using the SM/J strain as the donor and the A/J strain as the recipient; these are the parental strains of a set of SMXA recombinant inbred (RI) strains that we had developed previously. We analyzed body weights and blood lipid levels in the consomic and parental strains.

Clinically relevant radioresistant cells efficiently repair DNA double-strand breaks induced by X-rays.

Radiotherapy is one of the major therapeutic modalities for eradicating malignant tumors. However, the existence of radioresistant cells remains one of the most critical obstacles in radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy. Standard radiotherapy for tumor treatment consists of approximately 2 Gy once a day, 5 days a week, over a period of 5-8 weeks.

Analysis of gene and protein expression of cytochrome P450 and stress-associated molecules in rat liver after spaceflight.

As the incidence and length of spaceflight increases, the need to administer pharmacological agents to crew members may become greater. The final goal is to predict the therapeutic or toxic effects of drugs, especially those with a low therapeutic index, during spaceflight. The liver is central to systemic metabolism, therefore, various drugs rely on hepatic metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP).

Induction of apoptosis on K562 cell line and double strand breaks on colon cancer cell line expressing high affinity receptor for granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

Background: Immunotoxins are comprised of both the cell targeting and the cell killing moieties. We previously established a new immunotoxin, i.e.

Gene expression profiles in mouse liver cells after exposure to different types of radiation.

The liver is one of the target organs of radiation-induced cancers by internal exposures. In order to elucidate radiation-induced liver cancers including Thorotrast, we present a new approach to investigate in vivo effects of internal exposure to alpha-particles. Adopting boron neutron capture, we separately irradiated Kupffer cells and endothelial cells in mouse liver in vivo and analyzed the changes in gene transcriptions by an oligonucleotide microarray.

Analysis of Common Deletion (CD) and a novel deletion of mitochondrial DNA induced by ionizing radiation.

Purpose: In order to identify supportive evidence of radiation exposure to cells, we analyzed the relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and the induction of deletions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Materials And Methods: Using human hepatoblastoma cell line, HepG2 and its derivatives, HepG2-A, -89 and -400, established after long term exposure to X-ray, mtDNA deletions were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR after cells were subjected to radiation and genotoxic treatments.

Results: Common Deletion (CD), the most extensively studied deletion of mtDNA, was induced within 24 h after exposure to 5 Gray (Gy) of X-rays and was associated with replication of mtDNA.

Oxidative stress induced lipocalin 2 gene expression: addressing its expression under the harmful conditions.

Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2, NGAL) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily with diverse functions such as the transport of fatty acids and the induction of apoptosis. Previous reports indicated that expression of Lcn2 is induced under harmful conditions. However, the mechanisms of the induction of Lcn2 expression remain to be elucidated.