Publications by authors named "Taishiro Kishimoto"
Japan has seen an increase in female physicians recently, yet it still lags behind other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. A major barrier has been the historical discrimination against women in medical school admissions. In recent years, female enrolment in medical schools has risen, surpassing 40% in 2024, reflecting a broader societal shift.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To identify the COVID-19 pandemic impact on well-being/mental health, coping strategies, and risk factors in adolescents worldwide.
Method: This study was based on an anonymous online multi-national/multi-language survey in the general population (representative/weighted non-representative samples, 14-17 years of age), measuring change in well-being (World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index [WHO-5]/range = 0-100) and psychopathology (validated composite P-score/range = 0-100), WHO-5 <50 and <29, pre- vs during COVID-19 pandemic (April 26, 2020-June 26, 2022). Coping strategies and 9 a priori- defined individual/cumulative risk factors were measured.
Japan, the world's most rapidly aging society, faces increasing financial strains related to personalized dementia care. The government has shifted its focus from prevention to coexistence with dementia, as outlined in the 2023 Basic Act on Dementia. Emphasis on financial inclusion aligns with the G20's 2019 "Fukuoka Policy Priorities on Aging and Financial Inclusion", which addresses financial exclusion due to cognitive decline and poor financial literacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The COH-FIT study is a large, multi-country survey aimed at identifying factors affecting wellbeing and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, involving a representative sample of 121,066 adults.
- Researchers analyzed both modifiable (like coping strategies and pre-pandemic stress) and non-modifiable factors (such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status), finding significant negative effects on wellbeing and psychopathology scores during the pandemic.
- The study identified 15 modifiable and 9 non-modifiable risk factors, alongside 13 modifiable and 3 non-modifiable protective factors, emphasizing the importance of social support and coping strategies in mental health outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- There is a lack of comprehensive international studies examining multidimensional mental health and wellbeing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly identifying at-risk groups and effective coping strategies.
- The COH-FIT survey, conducted from April 2020 to June 2022 in 30 languages, assessed changes in well-being and psychopathology among over 121,000 participants, revealing significant declines in mental health during the pandemic.
- Key findings indicated that certain demographics, such as young adults and people in low-income countries, were particularly affected, while coping strategies like exercise, internet use, and maintaining social contacts emerged as the most effective for managing stress.
Background: Poor sleep quality can elevate stress levels and diminish overall well-being. Japanese individuals often experience sleep deprivation, and workers have high levels of stress. Nevertheless, research examining the connection between objective sleep assessments and stress levels, as well as overall well-being, among Japanese workers is lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Asking questions is common in conversations, and while asking questions, we need to listen carefully to what others say and consider the perspective our questions adopt. However, difficulties persist in verifying the effect of asking questions on older adults' cognitive function due to the lack of a standardized system for conducting experiments at participants' homes.
Objective: This study examined the intervention effect of cognitive training moderated by robots on healthy older adults.
Background: Previous research has shown a significant link between gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, much remains unknown because of the heterogeneity of disorders and the potential confounders such as dietary patterns and control group variations.
Methods: Children aged 6-12 years who had been clinically diagnosed with ASD and/or ADHD, their unaffected neurotypical siblings, and non-related neurotypical volunteers were recruited cross-sectionally.
Article Synopsis
- - This study focuses on creating a prediction model for amyloid-beta deposition in Alzheimer's disease using advanced MRI techniques and diverse patient data, including those with various cognitive disorders and healthy controls.
- - The research utilized a data-driven algorithm analyzing structural MR images, cognitive test results, and apolipoprotein E status, achieving an impressive accuracy of 89.8% in detecting amyloid-beta positivity.
- - The findings suggest that a specific gray matter volume pattern related to Alzheimer's significantly impacts prediction accuracy, highlighting the potential of MRI-based machine learning as a diagnostic tool for various neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Background: Given the global shortage of child psychiatrists and barriers to specialized care, remote assessment is a promising alternative for diagnosing and managing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, only a few studies have validated the accuracy and acceptability of these remote methods.
Objective: This study aimed to test the agreement between remote and face-to-face assessments.
Background: The impact of the gut microbiota on neuropsychiatric disorders has gained much attention in recent years; however, comprehensive data on the relationship between the gut microbiome and its metabolites and resistance to treatment for depression and anxiety is lacking. Here, we investigated intestinal metabolites in patients with depression and anxiety disorders, and their possible roles in treatment resistance.
Results: We analyzed fecal metabolites and microbiomes in 34 participants with depression and anxiety disorders.
Anti-obesity drugs, eating disorders, and thinness among Japanese young women.
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
February 2024
Aim: Interview quality is an important factor in the success of clinical trials for major depressive disorder (MDD). There is a substantial need to establish a reliable, remote clinical assessment interview system that can replace traditional in-person interviews.
Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, unblinded, prospective, cross-sectional study to assess the reliability of remote interviews in patients with MDD (UMIN000041839).
Background: Growing attention is paid to the association between alterations in the gut microbiota and their metabolites in patients with psychiatric disorders. Our study aimed to determine how gut microbiota and metabolomes are related to the sleep quality among patients with depression and anxiety disorders by analyzing the datasets of our previous study.
Methods: Samples were collected from 40 patients (depression: 32 patients [80.
Aim: Live two-way video, easily accessible from home via smartphones and other devices, is becoming a new way of providing psychiatric treatment. However, lack of evidence for real-world clinical setting effectiveness hampers its approval by medical insurance in some countries. Here, we conducted the first large-scale pragmatic, randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of long-term treatment for multiple psychiatric disorders via two-way video using smartphones and other devices, which are currently the primary means of telecommunication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Since there are limited studies on the associations between glycemic variability (GV) and sleep quality or physical activity in subjects without diabetes, we evaluated the associations between GV, as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and both sleep quality and daily steps using wearable devices in healthy individuals.
Methods: Forty participants without diabetes were monitored by both an intermittently scanned CGM and a smartwatch-type activity tracker for 2 weeks. The standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose were evaluated as indices of GV.
Neurostimulation is a mainstream treatment option for major depression. Neuromodulation techniques apply repetitive magnetic or electrical stimulation to some neural target but significantly differ in their invasiveness, spatial selectivity, mechanism of action, and efficacy. Despite these differences, recent analyses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS)-treated individuals converged on a common neural network that might have a causal role in treatment response.
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- This study investigates the connection between body mass index (BMI), glycemic variability (GV), and life-related factors in healthy adults, revealing that prediabetes significantly impacts glycemic control compared to healthy individuals.
- Participants were monitored for glucose levels and daily activities over 14 days; results indicated that prediabetes led to higher glycemic excursions, particularly in underweight individuals who exhibited irregular eating habits.
- The findings suggest that continuous glucose monitoring combined with dietary and activity tracking can help manage blood sugar levels, especially in those who are not at a normal weight.