Effect of lactic acid addition to equine whole blood on platelet aggregation measured by impedance aggregometry.

Background: Acidemia in sick or injured horses is often due to lactic acid accumulation. Alterations in platelet function and hemostasis are among numerous deleterious effects caused by decreased physiologic pH.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperlactatemia and resultant acidemia on platelet aggregation in equine whole blood using impedance aggregometry.

A Survey of Clinical Usage of Non-steroidal Intra-Articular Therapeutics by Equine Practitioners.

There are several non-steroidal intra-articular therapeutics (NSIATs) available for use by equine practitioners for the treatment of performance-limiting joint-related pathology. Information is limited on perceived clinical efficacy, recommended treatment protocols, and associated complications. Our objective with this cross-sectional survey was to investigate the current clinical usage of NSIATs by equine practitioners.

Atlanto-axial malformation in an adult Quarter horse gelding.

An adult gelding was evaluated for bilateral intermittent forelimb lameness of approximately 2 years duration. The horse was found to have grade 2/5 upper motor neuron-general proprioception ataxia with no cranial nerve deficits. During radiographic and gross necropsy examinations a novel atlanto-axial malformation of possible congenital etiology was found.

Evaluation of the safety of a combination of oral administration of phenylbutazone and firocoxib in horses.

Simultaneous administration of a nonselective COX inhibitor and a COX-2 specific NSAID has not been previously reported in horses. The goal of this study was to determine the safety of a 10-day dosage regimen of phenylbutazone and firocoxib, both at their standard dosages, in horses. Six horses were administered 2.

Aseptic tenosynovitis of the carpal flexor sheath caused by rupture of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon.

A mare was evaluated for acute left forelimb lameness with effusion of the carpal flexor sheath. No osseous abnormalities were noted during radiographic examination. Significant disruption of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon was seen during ultrasonographic examination.

Evaluation of high-molecular weight adiponectin in horses.

Objective: To characterize adiponectin protein complexes in lean and obese horses.

Animals: 26 lean horses and 18 obese horses. Procedures-Body condition score (BCS) and serum insulin activity were measured for each horse.

Function of the ramus communicans of the medial and lateral palmar nerves of the horse.

Reasons For Performing Study: The role of the communicating branch between the medial and lateral palmar nerves of horses (i.e. the ramus communicans) in conveying sensory impulses proximally should be determined to avoid errors in interpreting diagnostic anaesthesia of the palmar nerves.

Paranasal sinus disease in horses.

The paranasal sinus system of horses is complex, comprising six pairs of sinuses. Disease processes that can develop in the sinuses include ethmoid hematomas, cysts, neoplasia, and bacterial and fungal infections. Horses that develop paranasal sinus disease vary widely in age.

Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in plasma and selected body fluids of healthy horses after a single intravenous dose.

Reasons For Performing Study: No studies have determined the pharmacokinetics of low-dose amikacin in the mature horse.

Objectives: To determine if a single i.v.

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses.

Reasons For Performing Study: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation.

Lung surfactant function and composition in neonatal foals and adult horses.

Background: Lung surfactant function and composition are varied and adapted to the specific respiratory physiology of all mammalian species.

Hypothesis: Lung surfactant function and composition are different in neonatal foals as compared to adult horses.

Animals: Six adult horses, 7 term foals (<24 hours old), and 4 premature foals were used.

Effect of anaesthesia of the palmar digital nerves on proximal interphalangeal joint pain in the horse.

Reasons For Performing Study: Anaesthesia of the palmar digital nerves is claimed to attenuate lameness in some horses that are lame because of pain in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.

Objective: To determine the response of horses with pain in the PIP joint to anaesthesia of the palmar digital nerves.

Methods: Horses were video recorded trotting before and after induction of pain in the PIP joint and 10 mins after anaesthesia of the palmar digital nerves.

Reliable local anesthesia in emergency treatment.

Patients today expect and demand painless dentistry. Problems arise when a patient presents with a dental emergency, and the dentist is not able to meet the expectations and demands for painless dentistry because the "conventional" anesthetic blocks and infiltrations simply are not effective. This paper will examine some of the reasons for ineffective anesthesia and will explain several supplemental anesthetic injection techniques to better serve his/her patients' needs.

The influence of file size, cleaning, and time on effectiveness of bead sterilizers.

A controlled study was conducted to determine the influence on disinfection of cleaning endodontic files with either dry gauze or alcohol-saturated gauze prior to placement of the files into a hot bead sterilizer. File size and length of time in the hot bead sterilizer were also investigated. Findings indicated that an alcohol wipe was more effective than a dry wipe except in the largest file tested.