Polymyxin B in Combination with Antimicrobials Lacking In Vitro Activity versus Polymyxin B in Monotherapy in Critically Ill Patients with Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections.

There is no clinical evidence supporting the use of polymyxin B in combination with another antimicrobial for infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. We developed a cohort study of patients in two intensive care units from teaching hospitals to evaluate treatment with intravenous polymyxin B for ≥48 h for severe A. baumannii or P.

Risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients treated with polymyxin B and influence of AKI on mortality: a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients treated with polymyxin B, a last resort antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria, with a focus on dose, and to determine the impact of AKI on mortality of these patients.

Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was performed including patients ≥18 years treated with intravenous polymyxin B for ≥48 h. The primary outcome was AKI defined by RIFLE criteria.

Effect of cefepime dose on mortality of patients with Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: There are controversies regarding the association of cefepime therapy with increased mortality among patients with infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). We evaluated the effect of cefepime on the mortality of patients with GNB bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in adult patients with creatinine ≤1.

Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous polymyxin B in critically ill patients: implications for selection of dosage regimens.

Background: Polymyxin B is a last-line therapy for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. There is a dearth of pharmacokinetic data to guide dosing in critically ill patients.

Methods: Twenty-four critically ill patients were enrolled and blood/urine samples were collected over a dosing interval at steady state.

Pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B in patients on continuous venovenous haemodialysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B in patients on continuous venovenous haemodialysis (CVVHD) after intravenous administration of unadjusted dosage regimens.

Patients And Methods: Two critically ill patients had eight blood samples collected during a 12 h interval on days 8 and 10 of polymyxin B therapy. Dialysate was collected every hour during the 12 h dosing interval.