CsCIPK20 Improves Tea Plant Cold Tolerance by Modulating Ascorbic Acid Synthesis Through Attenuation of CsCSN5-CsVTC1 Interaction.

Low temperature is a limiting environmental factor for tea plant growth and development. CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are important components of the calcium pathway and involved in plant development and stress responses. Herein, we report the function and regulatory mechanisms of a low-temperature-inducible gene, CsCIPK20, in tea plants.

CIPK11 phosphorylates GSTU23 to promote cold tolerance in Camellia sinensis.

Cold stress negatively impacts the growth, development, and quality of Camellia sinensis (Cs, tea) plants. CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPK) comprise a pivotal protein family involved in plant development and response to multiple environmental stimuli. However, their roles and regulatory mechanisms in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.

Transcriptomic analysis of hub genes regulating albinism in light- and temperature-sensitive albino tea cultivars 'Zhonghuang 1' and 'Zhonghuang 2'.

Albino tea cultivars have high economic value because their young leaves contain enhanced free amino acids that improve the quality and properties of tea. Zhonghuang 1 (ZH1) and Zhonghuang 2 (ZH2) are two such cultivars widely planted in China; however, the environmental factors and molecular mechanisms regulating their yellow-leaf phenotype remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that both ZH1 and ZH2 are light- and temperature-sensitive.

CsLHY positively regulates cold tolerance by activating CsSWEET17 in tea plants.

Low temperature is one of the most important environmental factors limiting tea plants' geographic distribution and severely affects spring tea's yield and quality. Circadian components contribute to plant responses to low temperatures; however, comparatively little is known about these components in tea plants. In this study, we identified a core clock component the LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL, CsLHY, which is mainly expressed in tea plants' mature leaves, flowers, and roots.

EGCG, GCG, TFDG, or TSA Inhibiting Melanin Synthesis by Downregulating MC1R Expression.

Without affecting cell viability, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), theaflavine-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), or theasinensin A (TSA) have been found to effectively reduce intracellular melanin content and tyrosinase (TYR) activity. However, studies on the anti-melanogenic mechanism of the above samples remain weak, and the activities of these samples in regulating melanogenesis at the molecular level lack comparison. Using B16F10 cells with the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) stimulation and without the α-MSH stimulation as models, the effects of EGCG, GCG, TFDG, or TSA on cell phenotypes and expression of key targets related to melanogenesis were studied.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals That Ascorbic Acid Treatment Enhances the Cold Tolerance of Tea Plants through Cell Wall Remodeling.

Cold stress is a major environmental factor that adversely affects the growth and productivity of tea plants. Upon cold stress, tea plants accumulate multiple metabolites, including ascorbic acid. However, the role of ascorbic acid in the cold stress response of tea plants is not well understood.

CsCIPK11-Regulated Metalloprotease CsFtsH5 Mediates the Cold Response of Tea Plants.

Photosystem II repair in chloroplasts is a critical process involved in maintaining a plant's photosynthetic activity under cold stress. FtsH (filamentation temperature-sensitive H) is an essential metalloprotease that is required for chloroplast photosystem II repair. However, the role of FtsH in tea plants and its regulatory mechanism under cold stress remains elusive.

A Tea Plant () Gene, , Is Correlated to Bud Dormancy and Triggers Early Flowering in .

Flowering and bud dormancy are crucial stages in the life cycle of perennial angiosperms in temperate climates. MADS-box family genes are involved in many plant growth and development processes. Here, we identified three genes in tea plant belonging to the family.

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of tea plant autophagy-related genes (CsARGs) demonstrates that they play diverse roles during development and under abiotic stress.

Background: Autophagy, meaning 'self-eating', is required for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents under stressful and non-stressful conditions, which helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and delay aging and longevity in eukaryotes. To date, the functions of autophagy have been heavily studied in yeast, mammals and model plants, but few studies have focused on economically important crops, especially tea plants (Camellia sinensis). The roles played by autophagy in coping with various environmental stimuli have not been fully elucidated to date.

Triterpene saponins from tea seed pomace ( Abel) and their cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cells in vitro.

Triterpenoid saponins are the main active ingredients extracted from Abel. In this study, crude saponins (Tc) was extracted from tea seed pomace and purified to obtain total saponins (T0). We used a COSMOSIL C18-OPN to separate T0 into three fractions-highly polar saponins (T1), moderately polar saponins (T2), and weakly polar saponins (T3).

Transcriptomic and Metabolic Insights into the Distinctive Effects of Exogenous Melatonin and Gibberellin on Terpenoid Synthesis and Plant Hormone Signal Transduction Pathway in Camellia sinensis.

Melatonin and gibberellin are bioactive molecules in plants. In the present study, the role of exogenous melatonin (MT) and gibberellin (GA) in the tea plant was explored by transcriptome and metabolic analysis. Results showed that the growth of tea plant was enhanced by MT treatment.

Oleiferasaponin A₂, a Novel Saponin from Abel. Seeds, Inhibits Lipid Accumulation of HepG2 Cells Through Regulating Fatty Acid Metabolism.

A new triterpenoid saponin, named oleiferasaponin A₂, was isolated and identified from defatted seeds. Oleiferasaponin A₂ exhibited anti-hyperlipidemic activity on HepG2 cell lines. Further study of the hypolipidemic mechanism showed that oleiferasaponin A₂ inhibited fatty acid synthesis by significantly down-regulating the expression of and FAS protein, while dramatically promoting fatty acid β-oxidation by up-regulating the expression of and ACOX-1 protein.

Cytotoxic and Hypoglycemic Activity of Triterpenoid Saponins from Camellia oleifera Abel. Seed Pomace.

One new and three known triterpenoid saponins were isolated and identified from seeds through IR, NMR, HR-ESI-MS and GC-MS spectroscopic methods, namely oleiferasaponin A₃, oleiferasaponin A₁, camelliasaponin B₁, and camelliasaponin B₂. The structure of oleiferasaponin A₃ was elucidated as 16α-hydroxy-21β--angeloyl-22α--cinnamoyl-23α-aldehyde-28-dihydroxymethylene-olean-12-ene-3β--[β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-gluco-pyranosiduronic acid. Camelliasaponin B₁ and camelliasaponin B₂ exhibited potent cytotoxic activity on three human tumour cell lines (human lung tumour cells (A549), human liver tumour cells (HepG2), cervical tumour cells (Hela)).