'How to stop a nosebleed': a combined objective and subjective assessment of YouTube videos on first-aid management of epistaxis.

Objective: A previous study in 2016 found that the quality of YouTube videos on epistaxis first-aid management was highly variable. This study aimed to reassess the accuracy and patient understandability of such YouTube videos.

Method: YouTube was searched using the phrase 'How to stop a nosebleed'.

How do medical students want to learn ENT? Perspectives from a consensus forum.

Objective: The UK Medical Licensing Assessment curriculum represents a consensus on core content, including ENT-related content for newly qualified doctors. No similar consensus exists as to how ENT content should be taught at medical school.

Method: A virtual consensus forum was held at the 2nd East of England ENT Conference in April 2021.

Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish in Preventing New Carious Lesion in Preschoolers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Dental caries is a site-specific, multifactorial chronic disease affected globally. The prevalence of dental caries is strongly associated with social and economic disadvantage, and also the susceptibility of children to dental caries. Dental caries prevention can be achieved with topical fluoride agents.

Can artificial intelligence accelerate the diagnosis of inherited retinal diseases? Protocol for a data-only retrospective cohort study (Eye2Gene).

Introduction: Inherited retinal diseases (IRD) are a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the working age population. Mutations in over 300 genes have been found to be associated with IRDs and identifying the affected gene in patients by molecular genetic testing is the first step towards effective care and patient management. However, genetic diagnosis is currently slow, expensive and not widely accessible.

Application of analytical hierarchical process, multi-influencing factor, and geospatial techniques for groundwater potential zonation in a semi-arid region of western India.

Groundwater resources are alarmingly depleting due to over-exploitation and significant climate changes over time. Therefore, demarcation of groundwater potential zones is essential for addressing the needs of various industries in semi-arid area. Depleting groundwater resources, topography, aquifer features and climatic factors make it necessary to demarcate ground water potential zones in semiarid region of Rajasthan.

Deep neck space infection extending to the mediastinum that was treated conservatively.

Deep neck space infections (DNSIs) are challenging to diagnose and manage. A female ex-smoker presented with difficulty breathing and chest pain. She was initially treated for exacerbation of emphysema with intravenous antibiotics.

Parapharyngeal and floor-of-mouth abscess secondary to tonsillar phlegmon: A rare and unusual cause of Ludwig's angina.

We present an unusual case of Ludwig's angina secondary to a left tonsillar phlegmon in a previously fit and well 50-year-old woman. This tonsillar phlegmon spread along the peritonsillar/parapharyngeal plane to cause a diffuse cellulitis and collection in the submental, sublingual, and submandibular spaces despite empirical intravenous antibiotic therapy.

Assessment of YouTube as an educational tool in teaching flexible nasendoscopy and peritonsillar abscess drainage.

Background: Partly as a result of coronavirus disease 2019, YouTube has become a more frequent educational source for otolaryngology trainees. This study sought to assess the quality of flexible nasendoscopy and peritonsillar abscess drainage videos.

Method: YouTube was systematically searched using 13 terms related to flexible nasendoscopy and peritonsillar abscess drainage.

Improving nutritional assessment in acute medical admissions at a district general hospital.

Background: Malnutrition adversely affects clinical outcomes, necessitating a prompt and accurate assessment of nutritional status on admission. A variety of tools exist to aid nutritional assessment, of which the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) is recommended, but remains difficult to implement in practice.

Objective: The aim of this audit was to improve the utilisation of the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) in the Acute Medical Unit (AMU) at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King's Lynn.

Comparison of Disease-Specific, Generic, and Hearing-Specific Instruments Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Middle Ear Surgery for Chronic Otitis Media: A Prospective Correlational Study.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the responsiveness of three instruments (disease-specific, generic, and hearing-specific) assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adult patients undergoing surgery for chronic otitis media (COM).

Study Design: Prospective correlational study.

Setting: Two otology referral centers in England, United Kingdom.

Evidence to Underpin Vitamin A Requirements and Upper Limits in Children Aged 0 to 48 Months: A Scoping Review.

Vitamin A deficiency is a major health risk for infants and children in low- and middle-income countries. This scoping review identified, quantified, and mapped research for use in updating nutrient requirements and upper limits for vitamin A in children aged 0 to 48 months, using health-based or modelling-based approaches. Structured searches were run on Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central, from inception to 19 March 2021.

Analysis of tinnitus severity and associated risk factors in patients with chronic otitis media: data from the multinational collaborative Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 study.

Background: Subjective tinnitus is a common symptom, and there is often an underlying otological cause. This study investigated the degree of tinnitus-related annoyance in patients with chronic otitis media and analysed whether associations with tinnitus severity exist.

Method: The multinational collaborative Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 study collected prospective data on 478 adult patients suffering from chronic otitis media across 9 otology referral centres in 8 countries.

Impact of Hearing Disability and Ear Discharge on Quality-of-Life in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media: Data from the Multinational Collaborative COMQ-12 Study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess how two disease-related factors, hearing disability and ear discharge, affect health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic otitis media (COM).

Study Design: Multinational prospective cohort study.

Setting: Nine otology referral centers in eight countries.

Presentation of dizziness in individuals with chronic otitis media: data from the multinational collaborative COMQ-12 study.

Purpose: In chronic otitis media (COM), disease chronicity and severity of middle ear inflammation may influence the development of inner ear deficits, increasing the risk of vestibular impairment. This secondary analysis of the multinational collaborative Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) dataset sought to determine the prevalence of vestibular symptoms in patients with COM and identify associated disease-related characteristics.

Methods: Adult patients with a diagnosis of COM in outpatient settings at nine otology referral centers across eight countries were included.

Direct oral anticoagulant-related medication incidents and pharmacists' interventions in hospital in-patients: evaluation using reason's accident causation theory.

Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have revolutionised anticoagulant pharmacotherapy. However, DOAC-related medication incidents are known to be common. Objective To assess medication incidents associated with DOACs using an error theory and to analyse pharmacists' contributions in minimising medication incidents in hospital in-patients.

Business as unusual: medical oncology services adapt and deliver during COVID-19.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged cancer care globally, introducing resource limitations and competing risks into clinical practice.

Aims: To describe the COVID-19 impact on medical oncology care provision in an Australian setting.

Methods: Calvary Mater Newcastle and Newcastle Private Hospital medical oncology data from 1 February to 31 April 2019 versus 2020 were retrospectively analysed.

Wilderness Medicine Simulation-Based Teaching Program for Medical Students in the UK.

Introduction: The UK undergraduate medicine curriculum provides insufficient opportunities for medical students to explore the field of wilderness medicine, despite interest in the area. The student-led Cambridge University Wilderness Medicine Society devised a low-cost wilderness medicine teaching weekend that can be replicated at other institutions.

Methods: The weekend course consisted of small-group lessons introducing the roles of the expedition doctor and expedition leader and the assessment and management of acute conditions in remote environments.

Exposure to CuO Nanoparticles Mediates NFκB Activation and Enhances Amyloid Precursor Protein Expression.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is directly related to Aβ amyloidosis-a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the impact of environmental factors upon APP biology and Aβ amyloid pathology have not been well studied. The increased use of nanoparticles (NPs) or engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has led to a growing body of evidence suggesting that exposure to metal/metal oxide NPs, such as FeO, CuO, and ZnO, may contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD through neuroinflammation.