[Feasibility of Adapting Various Tumor-to-normal Bone Ratio Images on an Automatic Quantification Package for Phantom-based Image Quality Assessment in Bone SPECT].

We investigated the impact of the tumor-to-normal bone ratio (TNR) on the concordance rate between a detectability score classified by software (DS) using an automatic quantification package for bone SPECT (Hone Graph) and a detectability score classified by visual assessment (DS), and considered the feasibility of applying this software to various TNR images. Tc solution was filled into a SIM bone phantom to achieve TNRs of 4, 6, and 8, performed by dynamic SPECT acquisitions performed for 12 minutes; reconstructions were performed using ordered subset expectation maximization at timepoints ranging from 4 to 12 minutes. This yielded a total of 384 lesions (96 SPECT images).

Efficacy of mini-endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery for pediatric kidney calculi: a single center retrospective study.

Management of large pediatric kidney calculi (PKC) is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of miniature endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (mini-ECIRS) for PKC. We retrospectively analyzed mini-ECIRS in 16 pediatric patients undergoing kidney stone treatment between November 2014 and October 2023 to determine its safety, efficacy, and associated outcomes.

Identification of hypoxia-induced metabolism-associated genes in canine tumours.

Canine tumours including urothelial carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, mammary gland tumour, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma have been identified as causes of death, but effective therapies are limited due to insufficient knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved. Within the tumour microenvironment, hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in tumour cells. High HIF1α expression correlates with enhanced glycolysis and poorer outcomes in human cancers.

Phagocytosis model of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals generated using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages.

Macrophages play a role in nephrolithiasis, offering the possibility of developing macrophage-mediated preventive therapies. To establish a system for screening drugs that could prevent the formation of kidney stones, we aimed to develop a model using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages to study phagocytosis of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. Human iPSCs (201B7) were cultured.

Successful treatment with enfortumab-vedotin of metastatic signet ring cell cancer expressing nectin-4 and originating from the bladder.

Introduction: As an aggressive adenocarcinoma phenotype, primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare variant. The prognosis of metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is extremely poor and the clinical course for its specific pathogenesis remains unelucidated.

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old Japanese male patient was diagnosed with invasive urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation of a signet ring cell-type with pT4aN0M0, and he was eventually diagnosed with metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Correction of substitution, deletion, and insertion mutations by 5'-tailed duplexes.

Germline and somatic mutations cause various diseases, including cancer. Clinical applications of genome editing are keenly anticipated, since it can cure genetic diseases. Recently, we reported that a 5'-tailed duplex (TD), consisting of an approximately 80-base editor strand oligodeoxyribonucleotide and a 35-base assistant strand oligodeoxyribonucleotide, could edit a target gene on plasmid DNA and correct a single-base substitution mutation without an artificial nuclease in human cells.

Postoperative Bladder Neck to Pubic Symphysis Ratio Predictive for De Novo Overactive Bladder after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: The aim was to investigate the incidence and clinical predictive factors of de novo overactive bladder (OAB) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), including a Retzius-sparing (RS) approach, in the same period at a single institution.

Methods: Of a total of 113 patients with localized prostate cancer, 81 received conventional RARP (CON-RARP) and 32 received RS-RARP at our institution. The basic characteristics data of patients and self-assessment questionnaires, including IPSS and OABSS, were obtained preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months after RARP.

Surgical management of prepubertal testicular tumors: A 30-year study in our institution.

Objectives: The 2021 European Association of Urology-European Society for Paediatric Urology guidelines on Pediatric Urology recommended testis-sparing surgery (TSS) as the primary approach to treat prepubertal testicular tumors exhibiting favorable preoperative ultrasound diagnoses. However, prepubertal testicular tumors are rare and clinical data regarding them is limited. Here, we analyzed the surgical management of prepubertal testicular tumors based on cases observed over approximately 30 years.

A Multicenter, Prospective, Non-randomized Study Evaluating Surgical hand Preparation between Double-Gloving and Single-Gloving for Preventing Postoperative Infection in Robotic and Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgeries.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze a feasible and suitable surgical precautionary preparatory technique. The techniques of double-gloving with hygienic hand wash (DH) and single-gloving with surgical hand wash (SS) were compared for their ability to prevent postoperative infection in robotic and laparoscopic minimally invasive surgeries.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, non-randomized, multicenter study was conducted between January 2016 and June 2020.

Pelviureteric junction obstruction of the ipsilateral kidney caused by hydronephrosis secondary to crossed fused renal ectopia.

Introduction: Crossed fused renal ectopia is rare and usually asymptomatic. However, it is associated with urological anomalies.

Case Presentation: A 15-year-old Japanese boy was transported to our hospital with right abdominal pain and hematuria after a soccer ball hit his right abdomen.

Transvesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation and ureteroscopy for management of primary obstructed non-refluxing megaureter with ureteral calculus.

Introduction: Primary obstructed non-refluxing megaureter, a type of congenitally dilated ureter, often resolves spontaneously. Surgery may be indicated in symptomatic cases; however, there are no reports of transvesicoscopic ureteral implantation and ureteroscopy for ureteral stones. Therefore, we describe the treatment of primary obstructed non-refluxing megaureter and ureteral calculi using this technique.

[Evaluation of Detectability for Patient's Movement in Portable Chest Radiography: Comparison of Visual Detection and Motion Detection Software].

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detectability of the observers and motion detection software for blurred portable chest radiographies.

Methods: The chest phantom radiographies of various blur sizes were obtained by moving the phantom using 4° slope. The phantom was moved in two directions, vertical (the upper and lower parts of the chest phantom were parallel to rails) and horizontal (the left and right parts of the chest phantom were parallel to rails).

A Randomized, Single-Blind Clinical Trial Comparing Robotic-Assisted Fluoroscopic-Guided with Ultrasound-Guided Renal Access for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Purpose: We conducted a randomized, single-blind clinical trial comparing the surgical outcomes of robotic-assisted fluoroscopic-guided (RAF group) and ultrasound-guided (US group) renal access in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Materials And Methods: We recruited patients who underwent mini-PCNL with ureteroscopic assistance for large renal stones between January 2020 and May 2021. Block randomization was performed using online software.

Status epilepticus in a patient with intractable epilepsy caused by renal colic due to a ureter stone.

Introduction: Epilepsy has a variety of seizure-inducing factors. Epileptic seizures caused by renal colic are extremely rare.

Case Presentation: A 22-year-old woman with intractable epilepsy was brought to our hospital as an emergency case, because of vomiting and status epilepticus.

A Novel Transvesicoscopic Ureteral Reimplantation Technique to Treat an Infantile Ectopic Ureter in a Single System.

An ectopic ureter is a significant urinary tract malformation often treated during early childhood and is surgically managed based on its condition. Generally, only extravesical ureteral reimplantation is available as a treatment option for an ectopic ureter with well-preserved renal function. This report describes a case of a 28-months-old girl with an ectopic ureter in a single system who experienced repeated febrile urinary tract infections, successfully treated using a transvesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation as a minimally invasive treatment.

A novel approach in creating nephrostomy using a double-lumen access sheath during endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an inner ureteral access sheath (i-UAS) with a double-lumen channel used in ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) as a dilator for the percutaneous tract in endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS).

Methods: This was a single-center cohort study conducted from January 2016 to April 2020. We used an i-UAS as a dilator and a double-lumen catheter to insert a safety guidewire during the creation of the nephrostomy tract in ECIRS.

Low Serum Inhibin B/Follicle-Stimulating Hormones and Anti-Müllerian Hormone/Follicle-Stimulating Hormones Ratios as Markers of Decreased Germ Cells in Infants with Bilateral Cryptorchidism.

Purpose: In cryptorchidism, germ cell development failure presents from infancy and may be reflected by altered hormonal levels produced by Sertoli cells. Our object was to assess for associations between serum hormone levels and testicular histopathology in cryptorchidism with an infertility risk according to the pretreatment undescended testicular positions.

Materials And Methods: Prepubertal cryptorchid boys aged 7-91 (median 20) months who underwent orchidopexy between 2014 and 2019 were included (122 unilateral [median 19 months {range 7-91}], 23 bilateral [24 months {11-81}]).

Change in the central control of the bladder function of rats with focal cerebral infarction induced by photochemically-induced thrombosis.

The photochemically-induced thrombosis (photothrombosis) method can create focal cerebral infarcts anywhere in the relatively superficial layers of the cerebrum; it is easy to implement and minimally invasive. Taking advantage of this versatility, we aimed to establish a new rat model of urinary frequency with focal cerebral infarction, which was characterized by its simplicity, nonlethal nature, and high reproducibility. The prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, which are involved in lower urinary tract control, were targeted for focal cerebral infarction, and urinary parameters were measured by cystometrogram.

A case of posterior urethral valve identified in an older child by straining to void.

Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are the most common cause of congenital urethral obstruction. However, the diagnosis of a PUV is sometimes difficult. A 13-year-old Japanese boy and his mother visited our hospital, and his mother complained that he frequently strained to void although he had no complaint.