Allelopathic effects of Borreria latifolia on weed germination and identification of allelochemicals.

Background: Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K. Schum (Rubiaceae) is an annual weed with a strong allelopathic inhibitory effect on malignant weeds in orchards in southern China.

Metabolic pathways modulated by coumarin to inhibit seed germination and early seedling growth in Eleusine indica.

Coumarin is an allelochemical that is widely present in the plant kingdom and has great potential for weed control. However, its mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. This study employed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses along with evaluations of amino acid profiles and related physiological indicators to investigate how coumarin inhibits the germination and seedling growth of Eleusine indica by modifying metabolic pathways.

Temperature influences glyphosate efficacy on glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible goosegrass ().

Glyphosate has been widely used to control and other weeds in South China for many years. Among the most troublesome weeds in South China, can remain alive all year round. However, the influence of temperature on glyphosate efficacy on , especially under days with fluctuating temperature, is unknown.

Diel dynamics of multi-omics in elkhorn fern provide new insights into weak CAM photosynthesis.

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) has high water-use efficiency (WUE) and is widely recognized to have evolved from C photosynthesis. Different plant lineages have convergently evolved CAM, but the molecular mechanism that underlies C-to-CAM evolution remains to be clarified. Platycerium bifurcatum (elkhorn fern) provides an opportunity to study the molecular changes underlying the transition from C to CAM photosynthesis because both modes of photosynthesis occur in this species, with sporotrophophyll leaves (SLs) and cover leaves (CLs) performing C and weak CAM photosynthesis, respectively.

Evolution of multiple target-site resistance mechanisms in individual plants of glyphosate-resistant Eleusine indica from China.

Background: Glyphosate has been used for weed control in South China in various situations for four decades, and most Eleusine indica populations are suspected to have evolved resistance to glyphosate. This research investigated underling target-site glyphosate resistance mechanisms in six field-collected, putative glyphosate-resistant (R) E. indica populations.

Strong Response of Stem Photosynthesis to Defoliation in Highlights the Contribution of Phenotypic Plasticity to Plant Invasiveness.

Phenotypic plasticity affords invasive plant species the ability to colonize a wide range of habitats, but physiological plasticity of their stems is seldom recognized. Investigation of the stem plasticity of invasive plant species could lead to a better understanding of their invasiveness. We performed pot experiments involving defoliation treatments and isolated culture experiments to determine whether the invasive species exhibits greater plasticity in the stems than do three non-invasive species that co-occur in southern China and then explored the mechanism underlying the modification of its stem photosynthesis.

Interpretation of the difference in shade tolerance of two subtropical forest tree species of different successional stages at the transcriptome and physiological levels.

Differences in plant shade tolerance constitute a major mechanism driving the succession of forest communities in subtropical forests. However, the indirect effects of differences in light requirements on the growth of mid- and late-successional tree species are unclear, and this potential growth effect has not been explained at the transcriptome level. Here, a typical mid-successional dominant tree species, Schima superba Gardn.

[Allelopathic interactions between and two common Asteraceae species].

is an annual herb suitable to be used as cover crop for weed control in orchards in southern China. To understand the competition between and common weeds in orchards, we investigated the allelopathic interactions between and two Asteraceae species, and . The results showed that the aqueous extracts of at 10-50 mg·mL significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of and , with the radicle length of and being reduced by 57.

Seasonal variations in group leaf characteristics in species with red young leaves.

The leaves of many plants are red during particular stages of their lives, but the adaptive significance of leaf colouration is not yet clearly understood. In order to reveal whether anthocyanins play a similar role (i.e.

Functional characteristics of phenolic compounds accumulated in young leaves of two subtropical forest tree species of different successional stages.

The abundance of phenolic compounds (including anthocyanins) in leaves is associated with photosynthetic performance, but the regulatory mechanism is unclear. Schima superba Gardn. et Champ.

Phytotoxic effects of Cu, Cd and Zn on the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and metal accumulation in plants growing in Xincun Bay, Hainan, China.

Seagrasses play an important role in coastal marine ecosystems, but they have been increasingly threatened by human activities. In recent years, seagrass communities have rapidly degenerated in the coastal marine ecosystems of China. To identify the reasons for the decline in seagrasses, the phytotoxic effects of trace metals (Cu, Cd and Zn) on the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii were investigated, and the environmental contents of the metals were analyzed where the seagrass grows.

A magic red coat on the surface of young leaves: anthocyanins distributed in trichome layer protect Castanopsis fissa leaves from photoinhibition.

The presence of anthocyanins in young leaves plays an important role in mitigation against photodamage and allows leaves to grow and develop normally. Many studies have reported that foliar anthocyanins are distributed within the vacuoles of mesophyll cells, so we explored the novel defence style of anthocyanin-coated young leaves of Castanopsis fissa, a dominant subtropical forest tree species, via removable trichomes. Anthocyanins were distributed in C.

A Putative Chloroplast-Localized Ca(2+)/H(+) Antiporter CCHA1 Is Involved in Calcium and pH Homeostasis and Required for PSII Function in Arabidopsis.

Calcium is important for chloroplast, not only in its photosynthetic but also nonphotosynthetic functions. Multiple Ca(2+)/H(+) transporters and channels have been described and studied in the plasma membrane and organelle membranes of plant cells; however, the molecular identity and physiological roles of chloroplast Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters have remained unknown. Here we report the identification and characterization of a member of the UPF0016 family, CCHA1 (a chloroplast-localized potential Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter), in Arabidopsis thaliana.

A novel role of ethephon in controlling the noxious weed Ipomoea cairica (Linn.) Sweet.

Several auxin herbicides, such as 2, 4-D and dicamba, have been used to eradicate an exotic invasive weed Ipomoea cairica in subtropical China, but restraining the re-explosion of this weed is still a challenge. Since ethylene is one of the major intermediate functioning products during the eradication process, we explored the possibility, mechanism and efficiency of using ethephon which can release ethylene to control Ipomoea cairica. The results of the pot experiment showed that 7.

A new strategy for controlling invasive weeds: selecting valuable native plants to defeat them.

To explore replacement control of the invasive weed Ipomoea cairica, we studied the competitive effects of two valuable natives, Pueraria lobata and Paederia scandens, on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of I. cairica, in pot and field experiments. When I.

Photosynthetic characteristics and light energy conversions under different light environments in five tree species occupying dominant status at different stages of subtropical forest succession.

In order to reveal the mechanism of succession in subtropical forest along a light gradient, we investigated photosynthetic physiological responses to three light environments in five tree species including a pioneer species Pinus massoniana Lamb., two mid-successional species Schima superba Gardn. et Champ.