Genome-wide identification of Arabidopsis non-AUG-initiated upstream ORFs with evolutionarily conserved regulatory sequences that control protein expression levels.

This study identified four novel regulatory non-AUG-initiated upstream ORFs (uORFs) with evolutionarily conserved sequences in Arabidopsis and elucidated the mechanism by which a non-AUG-initiated uORF promotes main ORF translation. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are short ORFs found in the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) of eukaryotic transcripts and can influence the translation of protein-coding main ORFs (mORFs). Recent genome-wide ribosome profiling studies have revealed that hundreds or thousands of uORFs initiate translation at non-AUG start codons.

Draft Genome Sequence of NYR20, a Red Pigment-Secreting Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A mutant strain, NYR20, produces a red pigment owing to adenine auxotrophy. Unlike other yeast adenine biosynthetic mutants, this strain not only produces but also secretes this pigment. Here, we report the NYR20 draft genome sequence, thereby advancing our understanding of pigment secretion mechanisms.

Draft Genome Sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain P-684, Isolated from Prunus verecunda.

strain P-684 is a yeast isolated from the flowers of 'Antiqua,' producing high quantities of malic and succinic acids in sake brewing. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of P-684, enlightening the mechanisms of biosynthesis of these organic acids by this strain.

Exhaustive identification of conserved upstream open reading frames with potential translational regulatory functions from animal genomes.

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are present in the 5'-untranslated regions of many eukaryotic mRNAs, and some peptides encoded by these regions play important regulatory roles in controlling main ORF (mORF) translation. We previously developed a novel pipeline, ESUCA, to comprehensively identify plant uORFs encoding functional peptides, based on genome-wide identification of uORFs with conserved peptide sequences (CPuORFs). Here, we applied ESUCA to diverse animal genomes, because animal CPuORFs have been identified only by comparing uORF sequences between a limited number of species, and how many previously identified CPuORFs encode regulatory peptides is unclear.

Draft Genome Sequence of Glycoside Hydrolase-Producing Trichoderma asperellum Strain IC-1.

Glycoside hydrolases capable of degrading lignocellulose are important for effectively utilizing cellulosic biomass as a next-generation chemical resource. IC-1 produces various glycoside hydrolases. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of IC-1 to better understand its gene structures and gene regulatory mechanisms.