Geophysical evidence for an enriched molten silicate layer above Mars's core.

The detection of deep reflected S waves on Mars inferred a core size of 1,830 ± 40 km (ref. ), requiring light-element contents that are incompatible with experimental petrological constraints. This estimate assumes a compositionally homogeneous Martian mantle, at odds with recent measurements of anomalously slow propagating P waves diffracted along the core-mantle boundary.

First observations of core-transiting seismic phases on Mars.

We present the first observations of seismic waves propagating through the core of Mars. These observations, made using seismic data collected by the InSight geophysical mission, have allowed us to construct the first seismically constrained models for the elastic properties of Mars' core. We observe core-transiting seismic phase SKS from two farside seismic events detected on Mars and measure the travel times of SKS relative to mantle traversing body waves.

Scattering Attenuation of the Martian Interior through Coda Wave Analysis.

We investigate the scattering attenuation characteristics of the Martian crust and uppermost mantle to understand the structure of the Martian interior. We examine the energy decay of the spectral envelopes for 21 high-quality Martian seismic events from Sol 128 to Sol 500 of InSight operations. We use the model of Dainty et al.

Seismic detection of the martian core.

Clues to a planet's geologic history are contained in its interior structure, particularly its core. We detected reflections of seismic waves from the core-mantle boundary of Mars using InSight seismic data and inverted these together with geodetic data to constrain the radius of the liquid metal core to 1830 ± 40 kilometers. The large core implies a martian mantle mineralogically similar to the terrestrial upper mantle and transition zone but differing from Earth by not having a bridgmanite-dominated lower mantle.

NASA's InSight mission on Mars-first glimpses of the planet's interior from seismology.

NASA’s InSight mission is the first lander to deploy a seismometer on a planetary body since more than 40 years. With a year of seismic data from Mars, new discoveries on Mars’ tectonics and interior structure are just emerging.

Influence of comorbidities on the implementation of the fundus examination in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To investigate the influence of comorbidities on undergoing a diabetic eye examination in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design: Retrospective cohort study METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from health insurance claims made between January 2005 and March 2013 in Japan. The primary outcome was implementation of the fundus examination that includes fundus photography, ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography by a doctor within one year of initial drug therapy for Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Population-based incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes: medical claims data analysis in Japan.

Purpose: Determination of the incidence rate of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is urgent, in response to the safety issue with use of the glucose lowering drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and DKA.

Methods: We extracted data of adult patients with T2DM from a medical claims database in Japan, which included 1 million individuals. The study period was 2005-2013, before the era of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.

Factors Influencing the Placebo Effect in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: An Analysis of Two Randomized Clinical Trials.

Objective: To explore factors related to the placebo effect in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OH).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with POAG and patients with OH who were treated with placebo. The patients' data were extracted from two randomized, double-masked, parallel, multicenter clinical trials (trial 1 and trial 2) in Japan.

Magnitude of serosal changes predicts peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer.

Background: Peritoneal dissemination is the most frequent mode of recurrence in patients with gastric cancer. We tried to identify factors that predict peritoneal recurrence with high sensitivity.

Study Design: Clinical and pathologic data from 587 consecutive patients with gastric cancer were reviewed retrospectively.