Nationwide changes in physical activity, nutrient intake, and obesity in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic era.

Background: This study aimed to examine changes in obesity rates and obesity-related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to a previous period.

Methods: An ecological time-series study was designed using the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) database from 2014 to 2020. The expected values of obesity rate, physical activity rate, and nutrient intake for 2020 were estimated.

Korean medical students' attitudes toward academic misconduct: a cross-sectional multicenter study.

Purpose: This study investigated medical students' attitudes toward academic misconduct that occurs in the learning environment during the pre-clinical and clinical periods.

Methods: Third-year medical students from seven medical schools were invited to participate in this study. A total of 337 of the 557 (60.

Calf Circumference as a Simple Screening Marker for Diagnosing Sarcopenia in Older Korean Adults: the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS).

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal cut-off point of calf circumference (CC) as a simple proxy marker of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and sarcopenia in the Korean elderly and to test the criterion-related validity of CC by analyzing its relationships with the physical function.

Methods: The participants were 657 adults aged 70 to 84 years who had completed both dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and physical function test in the first baseline year of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

Results: ASM and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were correlated positively with CC (male, ASM, = 0.

Consuming Green Tea at Least Twice Each Day Is Associated with Reduced Odds of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults.

Background: The frequent consumption of green tea has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and to reduce the risk of lung cancer and type 2 diabetes. However, few studies have investigated the relation between green tea consumption and the risk of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between green tea intake and COPD with the use of a nationwide representative database.

A study of satisfaction of medical students on their mentoring programs at one medical school in Korea.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness levels of medical students regarding the characteristics of each function within a mentoring program conducted within Kyung Hee University and to ultimately suggest points for reformation. Medical students' awareness levels were determined using a 29-item questionnaire.

Methods: The questionnaire was conducted on 347 medical students, excluding 25 students who either marked multiple answers or did not reply.

A qualitative thematic content analysis of medical students' essays on professionalism.

Background: Physicians in both Western and Eastern countries are being confronted by changes in health care delivery systems and medical professionalism values. The traditional concept of "In-Sul" (benevolent art) and the modern history of South Korea have led to cultural differences between South Korea and other countries in conceptualizing medical professionalism; thus, we studied medical students' perceptions of professionalism as described in essays written on this topic.

Methods: In 2014, we asked 109 first-year medical students who were enrolled in a compulsory ethics course to anonymously write a description of an instance of medical professionalism that they had witnessed, as well as reflecting on their own professional context.

Reliability and validity test of the Korean version of Noe's evaluation.

Purpose: This study aims to demonstrate whether the functionalities between the widely used questionnaire in other countries and the Korean-translated version show similarity. Also, it intends to verify their reliability and validity.

Methods: The original questionnaire was first developed by professor Noe at the University of Minnesota with 29 items named as "mentoring functions" to identify the participants' psychological and career-development functions.

Patient safety competence for final-year health professional students: Perceptions of effectiveness of an interprofessional education course.

As final-year medical and nursing students will soon play key roles in frontline patient care, their preparedness for safe, reliable care provision is of special importance. We assessed patient safety competencies of final-year health profession students, and the effect of a 1-day patient safety education programme on these competencies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 233 students in three colleges of medicine, nursing, and traditional medicine in Seoul.

The epidemiology and economic burden of Clostridium difficile infection in Korea.

The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection and the associated burden have recently increased in many countries. While the main risk factors for C. difficile infection include old age and antibiotic use, the prevalence of this infection is increasing in low-risk groups.

Educational effect of intraosseous access for medical students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the educational effects of intraosseous (IO) vascular access for medical students and analyze the possibility of including IO access in medical education.

Methods: A before-and-after study was conducted in a course with 50 participating medical students. The course comprised a 1-hour didactic lecture and a 1-hour hands-on session with a battery-operated EZ-IO device (Vidacare Corp.

[Returning students' perspectives on adjusting to medical graduate school in Korea: an interview study].

Purpose: The recent trend of switching from medical graduate school to medical school in Korea raises questions about the adjustments that students must make in medical education. We examined the perceptions of medical graduate students with regard to their adaptation in medical education.

Methods: Sixteen semistructured, in-depth interviews were administered to medical graduate students who received their first degrees in foreign countries.

Blood cadmium levels are associated with a decline in lung function in males.

Background: Cadmium exposure was found to cause a decline in lung function among the general population, but these findings were limited to smokers and gender differences were not explored.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between cadmium and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to gender and smoking status in Korea.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed.

Changes of empathy in medical college and medical school students: 1-year follow up study.

Background: This study aims to determine the correlation between medical education systems, medical college (MC) and medical school (MS), and empathy by investigating the changes in empathy among students with each additional year of medical education.

Methods: The subjects were MC and MS students who had participated in the same study the previous year. All participants completed the same self-report instruments: a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, and the Korean edition of the Student Version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE-S-K), Among 334 students, the final analysis was conducted on the data provided by 113 MC and 120 MS students, excluding 101 with incomplete data.

Relationship between body mass index and early menarche of adolescent girls in Seoul.

Objectives: The object of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and early menarche in adolescent girls in Seoul.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 144 middle school students in Seoul who provided informed consent. We measured their body composition, and used the questionnaire survey method for data collection from November to December 2008.

Health and economic burden of major cancers due to smoking in Korea.

Cigarette smoking is one of the most important public health concerns in Korea and worldwide. A number of studies have been conducted to measure the health and economic burden of smoking, but these did not reflect recent changes such as the decrease in smoking rate and the increase in the incidence of cancer. The purpose of this study was to provide up-to-date estimates of the health and economic burden of cancer caused by smoking and to compare the results with those of previous studies.

Association of CFTR gene polymorphisms with papillary thyroid cancer.

The incidence of thyroid cancer has been on the increase in a number of countries, and certain genetic factors associated with the increased incidence of the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have been identified. However, little is known about the effect of mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, expressed in the thyroid. We hypothesized and investigated that CFTR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with the risk and/or progression of PTC.

Socioeconomic costs of overactive bladder and stress urinary incontinence in Korea.

Purpose: We quantified and described the economic burden of overactive bladder and stress urinary incontinence in Korea. We calculated direct costs by identifying public and private data sources that contain population-based data on resource utilization by patients with stress urinary incontinence and overactive bladder.

Methods: For estimating indirect costs (productivity loss), the human capital approach was applied.

Relationship between socioeconomic variables and obesity in Korean adolescents.

Background: Despite the importance of obesity and its association with socioeconomic status, little is known about this condition in Korean adolescents. We examined the relationship between obesity in Korean adolescents and several socioeconomic variables and compared the association of obesity with conventional and subjective indicators of socioeconomic status.

Methods: The study comprised 60 643 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18 years who participated in the 2007 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey.

A systematic review of training that use an integrated patient simulator.

The purpose of this article is to systematically review the literature that describes training and assessment that use an integrated patient simulator (IPS). We also tried to determine how to train learners with simulators, plan, and perform research on simulator-based education. Literature searches were conducted to identify articles from PubMed, EMBASE, and KMbase that were related to training and assessment that use an IPS, published from January 1999 to September 2008.

The relation of menarcheal age to anthropometric profiles in Korean girls.

The aim of this study was to represent the trend of early menarche and to assess the association of age at menarche with anthropometric profiles of Korean children and adolescents. A cross sectional survey was conducted with 13,371 girls aged 10 to 18 yr, recruited nationwide from April, 2005 to March, 2006. Height, weight and waist circumference of the subjects were measured; and the subjects self-reported their ages at menarche.

[Association between the physical activity of Korean adolescents and socioeconomic status].

Objectives: The physical activity of Korean adolescents and its distribution based on social characteristics have not yet been fully assessed. This study intends to reveal the distribution of physical activity by its subgroups and offer possible explanatory variables.

Methods: The 3rd Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was analyzed for this study.

Comparison of Learning Styles between Medical College Students and Professional Graduate Medical School Students.

Purpose: The Professional Graduate Medical School (PGMS) was established in 2003 in South Korea to train doctors that had better humanities and various educational backgrounds. By comparing the learning styles between students of the Medical College (MC) and PGMS, we investigated the characteristics of these students.

Methods: The Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) is used to determine learning preferences.

The Relationship between Empathy and Medical Education System, Grades, and Personality in Medical College Students and Medical School Students.

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between empathy and medical education system, grades, and personality in medical college (MC) students and medical school (MS) students.

Methods: One hundred fifty-five MC students and 137 MS students participated in this study, completing questionnaires on sociodemographic data, Jefferson Scale of Empathy, S-version, Korean edition (JSE-S-K), and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).

Results: Reward Dependence (RD), Cooperativeness (C), and Self-directedness+ Cooperativeness (SC), which are subscales of the TCI, correlated significantly with JSE-S-K score.