Mucosal fluid evaporation is not the method of heat dissipation from fourth-degree laryngopharyngeal burns.

This study was designed to explore whether mucosal fluid evaporation represents a method of heat dissipation from thermal air inhalation injury and to assess laryngopharyngeal tissue damage according to heat quantity changes of dry air and vapour. Fifteen adult male beagles were divided into five groups to inhale heated air or vapour for 10 min as follows: control group (ordinary air), group I (91-110 °C heated air), group II (148-175 °C heated air), group III (209-227 °C heated air), and group IV (96 °C saturated vapour). The heat quantity changes of the dry air and vapour were calculated via thermodynamic formulas.

[Relationship between temperature range and wavelength bandwidth for multi band pyrometry].

In the present paper, based on the linearity spectral emissivity model with two parameters in the narrow investigated waveband, we extend tri-wavelength pyrometry to tri-band pyrometry through waveband measurements of radiation temperature. In tri-band pyrometry, in order to realize the non-distortion measurement, considering the effect of the dynamic range and the minimum sensibility of the sensor on the coupling relation of multi-channel signals, the restriction condition of the effective temperature measurement range is discussed. However, under the assumption of the fixed sensor parameters, the measurement bandwidth of the sensor is an important influencing factor to the effective temperature measurement range in applications of tri-band pyrometry.

[Analyses of spectral emissivity in radiation temperature measurement].

The complexity of the spectral emissivity of actual surfaces is the key point in the research and applications of radiation temperature measurement, resulting in the difficulty in the achievement of the temperature measurement. In the present paper, based on the discussions of the Taylor expansion, the non-dimension wavelength and the exponent, the authors describe the mathematical expression of the spectral emissivity of actual surfaces, and establish the general spectral emissivity function. Through the fitting of experimental data of the spectral emissivities of different metals at different temperatures, the applicability of the spectral emissivity function is verified which especially becomes the fundamental in the research of primary spectrum pyrometry.

[The temperature field partition for primary spectrum pyrometry].

In the applications of primary spectrum pyrometry to the detection of temperature, through the analysis of the coupled multi-channel signals, the authors investigated the necessary condition under which all temperatures can be measured simultaneously and effectively. For the case not satisfying the above condition, the authors put forward the concept of temperature field partition. And the process of the temperature field partition is detailedly described, and the simulation results are given.

[Optimization analysis based on wavelength bandwidth for multi-band pyrometry].

The present paper establishes the optimization criteria for achieving the optimum measurements in three-band pyrometry under the assumption of linear emissivity model and the sensor design with Gaussian distribution. By varying the FWHM of Gaussian distribution, the optimization analysis is investigated with the choice of the wavelength bandwidth in three-band pyrometry. For specific cases, the simulation results present the optimum bandwidth distribution.

[Theoretical analysis of wavelength choice in tri-wavelength method of temperature measurement].

In this paper, a non-dimensional emissivity model with universality is established. For the tri-wavelength method of temperature measurement, based on the non-dimensional emissivity, the applicable measurement condition and theoretical analysis of wavelength choice are mainly introduced. In the discussion of theoretical analysis of wavelength choice, by optimizing the analysis of measurement method and the concept of isothermal line induced by the measurement coordinates, two kinds of ideal choice rules of measurement wavelength are put forward, which will be necessary to the technology application of this tri-wavelength method.

[Principles in the design of surface temperature measurement method via radiation approach].

The fundamental issues in the design of surface temperature measurement method via radiation approach are discussed in this article, such as the spectral and directional complicacy of thermal radiation, the optical design, and the electrocircuit design. A generalized equation for the analysis of temperature measurement method via radiation approach is proposed. The method of absolute value and relative value is compared.