Define SNP thresholds for delineation of tuberculosis transmissions using whole-genome sequencing.

Unlabelled: For facilitating tuberculosis (TB) control, we used a whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based approach to delineate transmission networks in a country with an intermediate burden of TB. A cluster was defined as isolates with identical genotypes, and an outbreak was defined as clustered cases with epidemiological links (epi-links). To refine a cluster predefined using space oligonucleotide typing and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit variable tandem repeat typing, we analyzed one pansusceptible TB (C1) and three multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB (C2-C4) clusters from different scenarios.

Granulomatous lymphadenitis in Taiwan: Unraveling infantile peak and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin lymphadenitis.

Background: Granulomatous lymphadenitis, a histopathological diagnosis, often indicates infections, such as those caused by mycobacterial and fungal agents.

Methods: We conducted an analysis of 1098 granulomatous lymphadenitis cases, examining age distribution, lymph node locations, and laterality. Molecular detection of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was performed on archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens.

Genetic surveillance and outcomes of pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones-resistant tuberculosis in Taiwan.

Background: Pyrazinamide (PZA) and fluoroquinolone (FQ), particularly moxifloxacin (MXF), are essential drugs in the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended short-course regimen to treat drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: To understand the extent of PZA and MXF susceptibility in general TB cases in Taiwan, we conducted retrospective analyses of 385 conservative Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates identified from 4 TB laboratories in different regions of Taiwan. The case information was obtained from the TB registry.

Whole-genome sequencing-based analyses of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Taiwan.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) posed challenges to global TB control. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is recommended for predicting drug resistance to guide DR-TB treatment and management. Nevertheless, data are lacking in Taiwan.

Bovine tuberculosis in Taiwan, 2008-2019.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. The impact of bTB on global TB control has been underestimated. We adopted the One Health approach to human bTB surveillance in Taiwan.

Acquired Resistance to Isoniazid During Isoniazid Monotherapy in a Subject with Latent Infection Following Household Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Contact: A Case Report.

Appropriate treatment is the key element in eliminating tuberculosis (TB), and requires prompt diagnosis. We presented a case of a household contact of rifampicin-resistant TB revealing reactive IFN-gamma release assay with unsuspicious clinical and radiologic examinations. She was diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and treated with isoniazid monotherapy.