Statin use and fall risk in adults: a cross-sectional survey and mendelian randomization analysis.

Background And Objective: The issue of falls poses a significant threat to the health of the elderly population. Although statins can cause myopathy, which implies that they may cause balance problems and increase the risk of falling, this has not been tested. Our objective was to assess whether the use of statins is linked to a higher risk of falls.

Research progress on mechanism of acupuncture in treating functional constipation.

Acupuncture treatment for functional constipation (FC) is characterized by precise efficacy, rapid onset of action in the early stages, long-term stable effects, and overall regulation. This paper reviews recent literatures on acupuncture treatment for FC, indicating that acupuncture acts from multiple perspectives and pathways, including promoting intestinal motility, regulating intestinal microbiota, modulating the brain-gut axis, alleviating intestinal inflammation, and improving rectal hyposensitivity. Future research could delve into the mechanical sensation conduction mechanisms of acupuncture in improving rectal hyposensitivity, identify key intestinal microbiota genera and metabolic characteristics regulated by acupuncture, explore the network relationships among different mechanisms, and clarify the differential mechanisms of various acupuncture treatment protocols to optimize clinical therapy and enhance the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for FC.

Effects of acupuncture on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in patients with functional constipation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

To comprehensively evaluate the effect of acupuncture on gut microbiota, identify specific microbes closely related to the clinical efficacy of acupuncture, and explored the role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). A randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 80 FC patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs). FC patients randomly received 16 acupuncture ( = 40) or sham acupuncture ( = 40) sessions over 4 weeks; HCs received no treatment.

Genetically proxied inhibition of tumor necrosis factor and the risk of colorectal cancer: A drug-target mendelian randomization study.

Previous studies suggested that anti-TNF drugs might be repurposed as a preventive treatment for colorectal cancer. We aimed to examine whether genetically proxied inhibition of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) reduces the absolute risk of colorectal cancer through mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We obtained 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were located within a ±15 kilobase window of the TNFRSF1A-the gene that encodes the TNFR1 protein, and we used genetic data from three GWAS studies of circulating levels of TNFR1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood counts (WBC) to screen SNPs that proxied the inhibition of TNFR1.

Global trends in research on irritable bowel syndrome and the brain-gut axis: Bibliometrics and visualization analysis.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder with no structural damage, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Studies have shown that the brain-gut axis is closely related to the occurrence of IBS. However, studies of IBS related to the brain-gut axis have not been systematically analyzed by bibliometrics and visual analysis.

Gut microbiota and major depressive disorder: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization.

Background: Observational studies showed an association between gut microbiota and depression, but the causality relationship between them is unclear. We aimed to determine whether there is a bidirectional causal relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and major depressive disorders (MDD) and explore the role of gut microbiota in decreasing the risk of MDD.

Methods: Our two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study acquired top SNPs associated with the composition of gut microbiota (n = 18,340) and with MDDs (n = 480,359) from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Searching for a Definition of Refractory Irritable Bowel Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: The pathological mechanism of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unclarified, which commonly leads to unresponsiveness to conventional treatments. The diagnostic criteria for refractory IBS are not clearly defined. We performed a systematic review to summarize the key points of the definition of refractory IBS in different studies.

Differential Sleep Traits Have No Causal Effect on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Previous studies suggested an association of sleep disorders with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and indicated that using pharmacological treatments for the modulation of circadian rhythms might prevent IBD pathogenesis or aggravation, but whether the effect of sleep traits on IBD was causal is inconclusive and, therefore, prevents drug repurposing based on the previous studies. We aimed to examine the causal effect of different sleep traits on the pathogenesis of IBD. Genetic instruments for sleep traits were selected from the largest GWAS studies available in the UK Biobank ( = 449,734) and the 23andMe Research ( = 541,333).

Chinese Herbal Medicine for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is an important complementary and alternative therapy for the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Previous meta-analyses suggested that CHM is effective for IBS; nonetheless, its effectiveness is inconclusive owing to repeated significance testing. We aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of CHM for IBS through a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA).

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies Versus Botulinum Neurotoxin a in the Preventive Treatment of Chronic Migraine: An Adjusted Indirect Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRPmAbs) are new agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for preventive treatment of chronic migraine. Comparison between CGRPmAbs and previously approved Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) will inform optimal preventive treatment of chronic migraine, but head-to-head trials are lacking. We therefore aimed to perform adjusted indirect comparison between CGRPmAbs and BoNT-A through a meta-analysis.

Chinese herbal medicine versus antispasmodics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A network meta-analysis.

Background: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is gaining popularity in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although its efficacy was shown in recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs), it is rarely compared with antispasmodics to confirm its effectiveness. We aimed to resolve this uncertainty through a network meta-analysis.

Topiramate, acupuncture, and BoNT-A for chronic migraine: a network meta-analysis.

Background: Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) was the primary choice for preventive treatment of chronic migraine. Topiramate and acupuncture showed promising effect for chronic migraine, but their effectiveness relative to BoNT-A was rarely studied. We aimed to perform a network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness and acceptability between topiramate, acupuncture, and BoNT-A.

Efficacy of acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis: a trial sequential meta-analysis.

Background: Acupuncture is commonly used for migraine prophylaxis; however, evidence of its efficacy was equivocal.

Aim: We aimed to evaluated the efficacy of acupuncture in migraine prophylaxis and calculated the required information size (RIS) to determine whether further clinical studies are required.

Methods: We searched Cochrane library, EMBASE and PubMed from inception to April 23th, 2020.

Pharmacologic Treatments for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: an Umbrella Systematic Review.

Background And Aims: Multiple pharmacologic treatments are available for the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and a large body of evidence has been presented. However, the strength and credibility of the evidence have not been comprehensively evaluated. We aimed to review the systematic reviews and meta- analyses of pharmacologic treatments for IBS and evaluate the credibility of the findings.

Management of haemorrhoids: protocol of an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Introduction: The prevalence of haemorrhoidal diseases was high in general population, and many treatments are proposed for the management of haemorrhoids. The treatments include conservative and surgical interventions; the credibility and strength of current evidence of their effectiveness are not comprehensively evaluated. We aim to evaluate the credibility of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that assess the effectiveness of the treatments for haemorrhoidal diseases through an umbrella review.

Pharmacological treatments for patients with irritable bowel syndrome: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Introduction: Several pharmacological treatments are beneficial for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and there are numbers of systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of these treatments. However, the overall quality of the evidence has not been quantitatively assessed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible biases in the published systematic reviews and determine the treatments with reliable evidence.

Somatosensory stimulation treatments for postoperative analgesia of mixed hemorrhoids: Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Pain after hemorrhoidal surgery bothers both clinicians and patients. Somatosensory stimulation treatments have shown promising effect on the pain after hemorrhoidal surgery, but the comparative effectiveness between them has not been studied. We aim to determine the relative effectiveness among these treatments on pain relief after hemorrhoidal surgery by using network meta-analysis.

Comparative effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: Protocol of a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Several pharmacological treatments are recommended by guidelines with moderate to high evidence for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), but the comparative effectiveness and safety among these treatments are unknown. The review is to assess the comparative effectiveness and safety of pharmacological treatments for IBS-D using network meta-analysis.

Methods: We will search Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare guideline-recommended pharmacological treatments with placebo or one of the treatments.