The brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane causes systemic changes in polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation in mouse lipids.

Brominated flame retardants are used in many household products to reduce flammability, but often leach into the surrounding environment over time. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant detected in human blood across the world. HBCD exposure can result in neurological problems and altered lipid metabolism, but to date, the two remain unlinked.

Interaction between Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS) and Acetaminophen in Disease Exacerbation-Focusing on Autism and the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis.

This review presents a new perspective on the exacerbation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the gut-liver-brain axis. We have summarized evidence reported on the involvement of the gut microbiome and liver inflammation that led to the onset and exacerbation of ASD symptoms. As PFAS are toxicants that particularly target liver, this review has comprehensively explored the possible interaction between PFAS and acetaminophen, another liver toxicant, as the chemicals of interest for future toxicology research.

Chronic exposure to nanocellulose altered depression-related behaviors in mice on a western diet: The role of immune modulation and the gut microbiome.

Aims: To determine if cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have potential applications as food additives.

Materials And Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice on a Western diet were exposed to CNF for one month at a dose of 30 mg/kg by gavage. Male NOD mice, a model for type 1 diabetes (T1D), were used in a six-month study.

Subacute exposure to dechlorane 602 dysregulates gene expression and immunity in the gut of mice.

Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602) has biomagnification potential. Our previous studies suggested that exposure to Dec 602 for 7 days induced colonic inflammation even after 7 days of recovery. To shed some light on the underlying mechanisms, disturbances of gut immunity and gene expression were further studied.

Six weeks effect of different nanocellulose on blood lipid level and small intestinal morphology in mice.

Aims: Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF, or NFC), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC, or NCC), and Tempo (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) oxidized CNF (Tempo-CNF) were compared for the short-term effect on mice fed with a high-fat and high-sugar (Western diet, WD) to investigate their effect when combined with a sub-optimal diet.

Scope: Thirty C57B/C female mice (10 weeks old; 5-6 mice/group) were given water, cellulose, or three types of nanocellulose once daily in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage. After six weeks, weight changes, fecal output, glucose homeostasis, and gut permeability showed no significant among groups.

Exposure to dechlorane 602 induces perturbation of gut immunity and microbiota in female mice.

The homeostasis of gut immunity and microbiota are associated with the health of the gut. Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602) with food web magnification potential has been detected in daily food. People who were orally exposed to Dec 602 may encounter increased risk of health problems in the gut.

Subacute effects of the chlorinated flame retardant dechlorane 602 on intestinal microenvironment in mice.

Background: Chlorinated flame retardant Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602) has been detected in daily food, indicating that it may pose a risk to intestinal health. The intestinal microenvironment plays an important role in intestinal health. Intestinal microbiota and metabolites are two important factors for maintaining the microenvironment.

HIF-1alpha/VEGF pathway mediates 1,3,6,8-tetrabromo-9 H-carbazole-induced angiogenesis: a potential vascular toxicity of an emerging contaminant.

The dioxin-like substances polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) may trigger the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway. Although the crosstalk between AhR and the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathways is generally believed to occur, the exact mechanisms of the HIF-1 pathway in PHCZ toxicity have not been determined. We aimed to elucidate the effect of PHCZs on the HIF-1 pathway and its involvement in the regulation of target genes of HIF-1.

Developmental toxicity of bisphenol S in Caenorhabditis elegans and NODEF mice.

The growing concern surrounding bisphenol A (BPA) has led to increased industrial production and application of its analog bisphenol S (BPS). The goals of this study were: (1) To examine the generational effects in the nematode C. elegans for up to three generations following developmental exposure to BPS (0.

Dietary advanced glycation end-products elicit toxicological effects by disrupting gut microbiome and immune homeostasis.

The aging immune system is characterized by a low-grade chronic systemic inflammatory state ("inflammaging") marked by elevated serum levels of inflammatory molecules such as interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). These inflammatory markers were also reported to be strong predictors for the development/severity of Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and COVID-19. The levels of these markers have been positively associated with those of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) generated via non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids during normal aging and metabolism.

Modulation of folliculogenesis in adult laying chickens by bisphenol A and bisphenol S: Perspectives on ovarian morphology and gene expression.

Both bisphenol A (BPA) and its analog bisphenol S (BPS) are industrial chemicals that have been used to make certain plastic products applied in chicken farms, including food and water containers. They are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with xenoestrogenic activities and affect reproductive success in many ways. It was hypothesized that BPA and BPS could adversely affect the folliculogenesis in chickens due to their disruption of the estrogen responses, using either genomic or non-genomic mechanisms.

Behavioral changes and hyperglycemia in NODEF mice following bisphenol S exposure are affected by diets.

Bisphenol S (BPS), an analogue of the controversial bisphenol A (BPA) that is found in epoxy resins and plastics, is a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical that can mimic endogenous hormone signaling. However, little is known about the behavioral or immunologic effects of BPS. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of diets in BPS-treated mice in relation to hyperglycemia, development of type 1 diabetes, immunomodulation, and behavioral changes.

Toxicity of bisphenol analogues on the reproductive, nervous, and immune systems, and their relationships to gut microbiome and metabolism: insights from a multi-species comparison.

Bisphenols are common chemicals found in plastics and epoxy resins. Over the past decades, many studies have shown that bisphenol A (BPA) is a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical that may cause multisystem toxicity. However, the relative safety of BPA analogues is a controversial subject.

Polarizability and aromaticity index govern AhR-mediated potencies of PAHs: A QSAR with consideration of freely dissolved concentrations.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants associated with adverse human effects including cancer, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a key ligand-activated transcription factor mediating their toxicity. However, there is presently a lack of data on AhR potencies of PAHs. Simple, transparent, interpretable and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models are helpful, especially with the consideration of freely dissolved concentrations linked to bioavailability.

Immunotoxicity studies of trans-resveratrol in male BCF/N mice.

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol that is being investigated to treat and prevent various diseases, both experimentally and in the clinic. Despite increased use and interest in resveratrol due to its immunomodulatory properties, there is a lack of studies evaluating potential toxicities, particularly immunotoxicity, associated with resveratrol use. A previous 2-week study found decreasing thymus weight in male BCF/N mice with increasing exposure to trans-resveratrol.

In utero exposure to genistein decreased intranasal house dust mite-induced respiratory allergy in middle-aged male B6C3F1 offspring.

Despite many hypothesized benefits of dietary isoflavone genistein (GEN) deriving from soy-based products, questions surrounding GEN's developmental effects are increasing. To understand if in utero GEN exposure modulated postnatal respiratory allergies in the middle age, we conducted a time course study in the B6C3F1 offspring (PND 240-330) using a common household allergen (house dust mites: HDM; 10 μg/mouse for PND 240 and 290, and 50 μg/mouse for PND 330, a middle age in mice) following intranasal instillation, a physiological route of allergen exposure. GEN was administered to dams by gavage from gestational day 14 to parturition at a physiologically relevant dose (20 mg/kg body weight).

Gut microbiome in neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions: The case of genistein.

The healthy and diverse microbes living in our gut provide numerous benefits to our health. It is increasingly recognized that the gut microbiome affects the host's neurobehavioral state through production of metabolites, modulation of intestinal immunity (e.g.

Glycated Whey Proteins Protect NOD Mice against Type 1 Diabetes by Increasing Anti-Inflammatory Responses and Decreasing Autoreactivity to Self-Antigens.

Our previous studies suggested that early glycation products (EGPs) generated in the first step of Maillard reaction/glycation were anti-inflammatory. The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of EGPs derived from the whey protein isolate-glucose system on type 1 diabetes (T1D), and the underlying immunological mechanisms. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, EGPs at the physiological dose of 600 mg/kg/day increased glucose metabolism, decreased non-fasting blood glucose levels and T1D incidence, decreased insulin resistance, and decreased the pancreatic immune infiltration.

Chronic oral exposure to glycated whey proteins increases survival of aged male NOD mice with autoimmune prostatitis by regulating the gut microbiome and anti-inflammatory responses.

Glycated whey proteins have been shown to be protective against type 1 diabetes in our previous studies, suggesting their potential application as medical food. To determine if the protection could be extended to other autoimmune diseases, aged male non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice that develop a wide spectrum of autoimmune pathologies, including spontaneous autoimmune prostatitis, were used. After a 6-month oral exposure to whey protein-derived early glycation products (EGPs), EGP-treated NOD mice had an increased survival rate, decreased macrophage infiltration in the anterior lobe and decreased inflammation in the prostate when compared to the mice that received non-reacted controls.

Subchronic exposure to cellulose nanofibrils induces nutritional risk by non-specifically reducing the intestinal absorption.

Previous studies of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) in decreasing fat absorption and glucose release suggested their potential application as food additives or supplements in diets containing high contents of fat and sugars. However, the long-term effects of CNF uptake remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of subchronic oral CNF consumption on various health aspects of Western diets (WD)-fed mice.

Adapterama II: universal amplicon sequencing on Illumina platforms (TaggiMatrix).

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of amplicons is used in a wide variety of contexts. In many cases, NGS amplicon sequencing remains overly expensive and inflexible, with library preparation strategies relying upon the fusion of locus-specific primers to full-length adapter sequences with a single identifying sequence or ligating adapters onto PCR products. In , we presented universal stubs and primers to produce thousands of unique index combinations and a modifiable system for incorporating them into Illumina libraries.

Bisphenol S Modulates Type 1 Diabetes Development in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice with Diet- and Sex-Related Effects.

Bisphenol S (BPS) is a common replacement for bisphenol A (BPA) in plastics, which has resulted in widespread human exposure. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from pancreatic β-cell destruction and has been increasing in incidence globally. Because of the similarities (e.

Isoflavone daidzein regulates immune responses in the B6C3F1 and non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.

Daidzein (DAZ), a dominant isoflavone in various natural products such as soybeans, has been gaining attention due to the beneficial health effects (e.g., protection against cancer and diabetes) of its metabolites.

Bisphenol A alteration of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) female mice is dependent on window of exposure.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic β-cell destruction can be mediated by dysbiosis, infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells, and cytokines/chemokines. Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor (ED), can lead to aberrant immunity and gut microbiota. We determined whether BPA had age-dependent effects on T1D by modulating immune homeostasis following various windows of exposure in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.

Type 3 innate lymphoid cells are altered in colons of C57BL/6 mice with dioxin exposure.

Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are distributed in the gut and regulate inflammation by secreting cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17. The maintenance and function of ILC3s involve the activity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a potent ligand of which is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), one of the most toxic dioxin congeners. Thus, TCDD exposure might affect ILC3s.