Rapid Voluntary Blinking as a Clinical Marker of Parkinson's Disease.

Reduced spontaneous blinking is a recognized Parkinson's disease (PD) feature. In contrast, voluntary blinking has been less studied and might serve as a measurable marker of facial bradykinesia. We tested 31 PD patients and 31 controls.

Slow Motion Analysis of Repetitive Tapping (SMART) Test: Measuring Bradykinesia in Recently Diagnosed Parkinson's Disease and Idiopathic Anosmia.

Background: Bradykinesia is the defining motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). There are limitations to its assessment using standard clinical rating scales, especially in the early stages of PD when a floor effect may be observed.

Objective: To develop a quantitative method to track repetitive tapping movements and to compare people in the early stages of PD, healthy controls, and individuals with idiopathic anosmia.