Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials for Micro/Nanodevices: A New Era in Biomedical Applications.

Exploring bio-inspired nanomaterials (BINMs) and incorporating them into micro/nanodevices represent a significant development in biomedical applications. Nanomaterials, engineered to imitate biological structures and processes, exhibit distinctive attributes such as exceptional biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and unparalleled versatility. The utilization of BINMs demonstrates significant potential in diverse domains of biomedical micro/nanodevices, encompassing biosensors, targeted drug delivery systems, and advanced tissue engineering constructs.

Rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 nano-biosensor-implemented biomedical utilization: a systematic review.

The novel human coronavirus pandemic is one of the most significant occurrences in human civilization. The rapid proliferation and mutation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have created an exceedingly challenging situation throughout the world's healthcare systems ranging from underdeveloped countries to super-developed countries. The disease is generally recognized as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and it is caused by a new human CoV, which has put mankind in jeopardy.

Analysis of the suspected cancer-causing potassium bromate additive in bread samples available on the market in and around Dhaka City in Bangladesh.

Bread is one of the most popular foods consumed worldwide. It is a very popular foodstuff consumed in almost every house in Bangladesh as breakfast. Bread is prepared predominantly from flour to meet the daily carbohydrate demand and enhances its overall nutrition value using various ingredients.

GlcNAc6ST3 is a keratan sulfate sulfotransferase for the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPRZ in the adult brain.

Keratan sulfate (KS) is a carbohydrate side chain covalently attached to extracellular proteoglycans. KS is composed of disaccharide units of 6-sulfated N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and galactose. We have previously shown that GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferase (GlcNAc6ST) 1 encoded by Chst2 is an enzyme necessary for the synthesis of GlcNAc-6-sulfated KS chains that are required for neuronal plasticity in the visual cortex of the mouse brain during the critical period, but not in adulthood.

Deficiency of a sulfotransferase for sialic acid-modified glycans mitigates Alzheimer's pathology.

We previously showed that microglial keratan sulfate (KS) was induced in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the functional roles of the glycan and its synthetic enzyme in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive disorder, are unclear. In our study, KS modified with sialic acids having a molecular mass of 125-220 kDa and the carbohydrate sulfotransferase GlcNAc6ST1 were up-regulated in the brains of two transgenic mouse models (J20 and Tg2576) and the brains of patients with AD.

Microglial keratan sulfate epitope elicits in central nervous tissues of transgenic model mice and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The functional role of 5D4 antibody-reactive keratan sulfate (KS) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is unknown. We therefore studied the expression of 5D4-reactive KS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a motor neuron-degenerative disease, with the use of SOD1(G93A) ALS model mice and patients with ALS. Histochemical and immunoelectron microscopic characterizations showed that the 5D4-reactive KS is expressed in Mac2/galectin-3-positive activated or proliferating microglia of SOD1(G93A) ALS model mice at disease end stage and that the KS is an O-linked glycan modified with sialic acid and fucose, which was thus far shown to exist in cartilage.

KSGal6ST is essential for the 6-sulfation of galactose within keratan sulfate in early postnatal brain.

Keratan sulfate (KS) comprises repeating disaccharides of galactose (Gal) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Residues of Gal and GlcNAc in KS are potentially modified with sulfate at their C-6 positions. The 5D4 monoclonal antibody recognizes KS structures containing Gal and GlcNAc, both 6-sulfated, and has been used most extensively to evaluate KS expression in mammalian brains.