The comparative effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and supernatant transplantation on demyelination and inflammation in cuprizone model.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with inflammation and immune dysfunction.

Objectives: We compared the remyelination and immunomodulation properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with their conditioned medium (CM) in the cuprizone model.

Methods: Twenty-four C57BL/ 6 mice were divided into four groups.

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs as Novel Potential Approach for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation and demyelination of CNS neurons. Up to now, there are many therapeutic strategies for MS but they are only being able to reduce progression of diseases and have not got any effect on repair and remyelination. Stem cell therapy is an appropriate method for regeneration but has limitations and problems.

Cross-Cultural Comparison of Fundamental Movement Skills of Children of Iranian Ethnicities.

Background: Cross-cultural studies can provide information on how different cultural contexts, lifestyles, and physical activity play a role in the development of motor skills. We aimed at a cross-cultural comparison of fundamental movement skills of children of Iranian ethnicities.

Methods: The statistical population included boys and girls aged 7 to 9 years from the centers of Tehran (Persian), Lorestan (Lor), Khuzestan (Arab) and Kurdistan (Kurdish) provinces in 2021 year.

Increased Apoptosis in Subcortical Regions of The Visual Pathway in Offspring Born to Diabetic Rats.

Objective: Diabetes in pregnancy is a prevalent disease that can affect the central nervous system of the fetus by hyperglycemia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal diabetes on neuronal apoptosis in the superior colliculus (SC) and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in male neonates born to diabetic mothers.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, female adult rats were separated into three groups: control, diabetic (induced using an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin), and insulin-treated diabetic [diabetes controlled by subcutaneous neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH)-insulin injection].

Maternal diabetes decreases the expression of α2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors in the visual cortex of male rat neonates.

Aims: This study investigates the impact of maternal diabetes on the expression of α2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors in the primary visual cortex of male offspring born to diabetic rats.

Main Methods: In adult female rats, a single dose of intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes (Diabetic group). Diabetes was controlled with insulin in the Insulin-treated group.

Expression of GABA, GABA, and mGluR2 receptors in the lateral geniculate body of male neonates born to diabetic rats.

Objectives: Diabetes during gestation is one of the most common pregnancy complications and has adverse effects on offspring, including a negative impact on the offspring's central nervous system (CNS). Diabetes is a metabolic disease associated with visual impairment. Due to the importance of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) in the visual pathway, the present study examined the effect of maternal diabetes on the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA and GABA) and metabotropic Glutamate (mGlu2) receptors in the LGB of male neonates of diabetic rats.

Maternal diabetes decreases the expression of GABA, GABA and mGlu2 receptors in the visual cortex of male rat neonates.

Aims: This study examines the impact of maternal diabetes on the expression of GABA, GABA, and mGlu2 receptors in the primary visual cortex layers of male rat newborns.

Main Methods: In diabetic group (Dia), diabetes was induced in adult female rats using an intraperitoneal dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) 65 (mg/kg). Diabetes was managed by daily subcutaneous injection of NPH insulin in insulin-treated diabetic group (Ins).

Masitinib: The promising actor in the next season of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis treatment series.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with high mortality and morbidity rate affecting both upper and lower motor neurons (MN). Muscle force reduction, behavioral change, pseudobulbar affect, and cognitive impairments are the most common clinical manifestations of ALS. The main physiopathology of ALS is still unclear, though several studies have identified that oxidative stress, proteinopathies, glutamate-related excitotoxicity, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS.

The Role of Microglial Depletion Approaches in Pathological Condition of CNS.

Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that comprise about 5-12% of all cells in the brain. These cells are the first line of defense that protects the CNS from damage and attacking pathogens. Microglia originate from yolk sac macrophages and migrate to the brain before the blood-brain barrier formation.

Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles with Carbamazepine- or Lamotrigine-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in an Iranian Population: A Case-control Study.

Background: Genetic diversity in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles across populations is a significant risk factor for drug-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), e.g., carbamazepine (CBZ)- and lamotrigine (LTG)-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).

Combination Therapy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation and Astrocyte Ablation Improve Remyelination in a Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination Mouse Model.

Astrocytes display an active, dual, and controversial role in multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelination disorder. However, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can affect myelination in demyelinating disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of single and combination therapies of astrocyte ablation and MSC transplantation on remyelination in the cuprizone (CPZ) model of MS.

The distribution pattern of M2 and Adrenergic receptors on inferior colliculi in male newborns of diabetic rats.

Aims: Despite the high prevalence of diabetes in the world, its possible effects throughut pregnancy on neonatal auditory nervous system development are still unknown. In the present research, maternal diabetes' impact on the M2 and Adrenergic receptors expression in the inferior colliculus (IC) of male newborn rats was investigated.

Main Methods: Female rats were grouped into three: sham, insulin-treated diabetic, and diabetic.

Effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on spinal cord injury patients.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic injury with sensory and motor deficits that more than 1 million patients worldwide suffer from disability due to it. Many pharmacological therapies help reduce SCI-related injury and protect CNS from more damage but no current therapy could improve the axonal repair. In this regard, stem cell therapy is considered a regenerative method for SCI patient treatment.

Less Is More: A Narrative Review of Deciding When Surgical Intervention Should Be Withheld.

Decision-making in surgery is one of the great unspoken challenges, an important but markedly challenging skill that takes a lifetime to master. The choice not to operate generally proves a significantly harder conclusion than opting for intervention. Our paper explores the influences which affect a clinician's decision to operate or not.

An Unusual Case of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Involving the Cervix.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a malignant monoclonal expansion of B lymphocytes, with accumulation of abnormal lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes and liver. It is mainly a disease of the elderly population. Though extra-nodal involvement is common, cervical and vulvovaginal involvement by CLL is particularly uncommon.

The effects of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocyte and demyelination in the cuprizone model.

Multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an autoimmune disease, is characterized by symptoms such as demyelination, axonal damage, and astrogliosis. As the most abundant type of glial cells, astrocytes play an important role in MS pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subset of stromal cells that have the potential for migration, immune-modulation, differentiation, remyelination, and neuroregeneration.

Maternal death secondary to COVID-19 infection: A case report and review of the literature.

Maternal death secondary to coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection in a previously well woman is described. The woman presented with an eight-day history of productive cough and shortness of breath. Rapid deterioration of respiratory function was seen following admission, with associated tachycardia, tachypnoea and hypoxia.

The effect of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals on the shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cement to dentin.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNC) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to dentin.

Material And Methods: A total of 48 freshly extracted intact third molars were randomly divided into four main groups with three different concentrations (0.3%, 0.

Effect of CSF1R inhibitor on glial cells population and remyelination in the cuprizone model.

Multiple sclerosis is a kind of autoimmune and demyelinating disease with pathological symptoms such as inflammation, myelin loss, astrocytosis, and microgliosis. The colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is an essential factor for the microglial function, and PLX3397 (PLX) is its specific inhibitor. In this wstudy, we assessed the effect of different doses of PLX for microglial ablation on glial cell population and remyelination process.

Can We Routinely Employ the Use of Low-Pressure Gynaecological Laparoscopy? A Systematic Review.

Clinicians have learnt valuable lessons throughout the COV-SARS-2 pandemic, many of which have produced solutions that we aim to continue to implement within the foreseeable future. Optimising patients' surgical pathways to reduce the length of stay and complications is an area of particular importance, both for maximal utilisation of available resources and for reduction of the exposure of inpatient and elective patients to an increased risk of infection within healthcare facilities. The aim of this review was to investigate the possible implications of using low-pressure laparoscopic gynaecological surgery versus standard- or high-pressure pneumoperitoneum surgeries.

Transvaginal Evisceration of the Small Bowel More Than 15 Years After Abdominal Hysterectomy and Vaginal Surgery.

Transvaginal evisceration of the intra-abdominal organs is a rare emergency event. In this paper, we discuss the case of a 97-year-old female who presented to the emergency department due to abdominal pain and a large prolapse with visible extrusion of the small bowel per vagina. Past surgical history was significant for a total abdominal hysterectomy and surgical repair for pelvic organ prolapse; both performed more than 15 years prior to the patient's current presentation.

Malignant Female Adnexal Tumor of Probable Wolffian Origin (FATWO): A case report and review for the literature.

•Of the fewer than 100 FATWO case reports published, at least 25 reports have metastatic quality.•Very little information regarding optimal management of FATWO is known; immunohistochemical stains may help guide therapy.•FATWO may be more of a low malignant potential entity, and patients with the diagnosis should be followed closely.

Effects of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on multiple sclerosis patients.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with symptoms such as neuroinflammation and axonal degeneration. Existing drugs help reduce inflammatory conditions and protect CNS from demyelination and axonal damage; however, these drugs are unable to enhance axonal repair and remyelination. In this regard, cell therapy is considered as a promising regenerative approach to MS treatment.