Examining the Impact of Diet-and-Exercise-Induced Weight Loss on Drug Metabolism and Gastric Emptying in Patients with Obesity.

Obesity significantly influences drug pharmacokinetics (PK), which challenges optimal dosing. This study examines the effects of diet-and-exercise-induced weight loss on key drug-metabolizing enzymes and gastric emptying in patients with obesity, who frequently require medications for comorbidities. Participants followed a structured weight management program promoting weight loss over 3-6 months and were not concomitantly on potential CYP inducers or inhibitors.

Enhancing home-based physical activity for neurodivergent children: adapting the program with AI and universal design.

Purpose: While it is common practice for schools across the United States to include neurodivergent children in physical education classes, many programs outside of school-such as those at home or in the community-are not effectively tailored to meet their support needs. This gap contributes to lower levels of physical activity among neurodivergent children. Our objective was to address this issue by systematically adapting the program to enable neurodivergent children to safely engage in physical activity at home.

Measuring the Stable Isotope Composition of Water in Brine from Halite Fluid Inclusions and Borehole Brine Seeps Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy.

Naturally occurring bedded salt deposits are considered robust for the permanent disposal of heat-generating nuclear waste due to their unique physical and geological properties. The Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) is a US-DOE Office of Nuclear Energy funded project that uses heated borehole experiments underground (∼655 meters depth) at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in the bedded salt deposits of the Salado Formation to investigate the capacity for safe disposal of high-level, heat generating nuclear waste in salt. Uncertainties associated with brine mobility near heat-generating waste motivates the need to characterize the processes and sources of brine in salt deposits.

Toward a comprehensive understanding of the phenological responses of nonnative plants to climate warming: A review.

Background: Plants often shift their phenology in response to climate warming, with potentially important ecological consequences. Relative differences in the abilities of native and nonnative plants to track warming temperatures by adjusting their phenologies could have cascading consequences for ecosystems. Our general understanding of nonnative species leads us to believe these species may be more phenologically sensitive than native species, but evidence for this has been mixed, likely due, in part, to the myriad of diverse ecological contexts in which nonnatives have been studied.

A Proposed Framework to Aid Primary Care Clinicians in Promoting Cardiovascular Health.

Healthy lifestyle behaviors play a significant role in promoting cardiovascular health. Primary care clinicians (PCCs) are tasked with promoting cardiovascular health through the assessment of lifestyle behaviors and the use of behavior change counseling. However, PCCs face several barriers including a lack of training in counseling techniques.

CAR-NK cell therapy: a potential antiviral platform.

Viral infections persist as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conventional therapeutic approaches often fall short in fully eliminating viral infections, primarily due to the emergence of drug resistance. Natural killer (NK) cells, one of the important members of the innate immune system, possess potent immunosurveillance and cytotoxic functions, thereby playing a crucial role in the host's defense against viral infections.

Optimization of Current Procedural Terminology Coding in Complex Genitourinary Surgical Specimens.

Context.—: Complex surgical specimens are associated with complex Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding.

Objective.

Felix A. Conte, MD 1935-2024. The endocrinologist's endocrinologist.

is not a required field for Obituaries.

Biotin mitigates the development of manganese-induced, Parkinson's disease-related neurotoxicity in and human neurons.

Chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) induces manganism and has been widely implicated as a contributing environmental factor to Parkinson's disease (PD), featuring notable overlaps between the two in motor symptoms and clinical hallmarks. Here, we developed an adult model of Mn toxicity that recapitulated key parkinsonian features, spanning behavioral deficits, neuronal loss, and dysfunctions in lysosomes and mitochondria. Metabolomics analysis of the brain and body tissues of these flies at an early stage of toxicity identified systemic changes in the metabolism of biotin (also known as vitamin B) in Mn-treated groups.

Life With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: Challenges and Burdens.

Context: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive genetic condition requiring daily medication(s) and attention to details. In addition to daily medications and regular visits with healthcare providers, families may live with perpetual angst regarding unpredictable occurrences of acute adrenal insufficiency. Despite numerous barriers and challenges imposed by this chronic condition, caregivers and healthcare professionals can empower our patients to achieve a good quality of life.

Safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA-1273 vaccine booster in adolescents.

Safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of an mRNA-1273 50-μg booster were evaluated in adolescents (12-17 years), with and without pre-booster SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants who had received the 2-dose mRNA-1273 100-µg primary series in the TeenCOVE trial (NCT04649151) were offered the mRNA-1273 50-μg booster. Primary objectives included safety and inference of effectiveness by establishing noninferiority of neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses after the booster compared with the nAb post-primary series of mRNA-1273 among young adults in COVE (NCT04470427).

Food availability has direct and delayed effects on structural growth and body reserves in garter snakes.

Phenotypic plasticity in body growth enables organisms to cope with unpredictable paucities in resource availability. Growth traits influence survival and reproductive success, and thereby, population persistence, and early-life resource availability may govern lifetime patterns in growth, reproductive success, and survival. The influence of early-life environment is decidedly consequential for indeterminately growing ectotherms, which rely on available resources and ambient temperatures to maximize fitness throughout life.

Targeted detection of sequence variants in cell-free DNA from cerebrospinal fluid in pediatric central nervous system tumors.

The emergence of liquid biopsy technologies holds great promise in the cancer setting, including in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In contrast to broad lower-depth sequencing, commonly referred to as low pass whole genome sequencing (WGS), targeted platforms with a higher depth of coverage have also been established. Here, we review targeted liquid biopsy techniques with applicability to pediatric CNS tumors.

Education Research: Use by Neurologists of Microteaching and Microassessment Programs for Teaching, Learning, and Patient Care Needs: A Qualitative Study.

Background And Objectives: Microlearning is the acquisition of knowledge or skills in small units, commonly delivered by digital technology. NeuroBytes (NB) and Question of the Day (QOD) are 2 microinstructional programs in neurology. NB programs are brief, video-based mini-courses on clinical topics (microteaching); QODs are daily multiple-choice questions (microassessment).

Critical appraisal of methodological quality and completeness of reporting in Chinese social science systematic reviews with meta-analysis: A systematic review.

Background: A systematic review is a type of literature review that uses rigorous methods to synthesize evidence from multiple studies on a specific topic. It is widely used in academia, including medical and social science research. Social science is an academic discipline that focuses on human behaviour and society.

A socioecological taxonomy of determinants to colorectal cancer screening in black men: Insights from a mixed-methods systematic review.

Background: In the United States, African/Black American (henceforth Black) men face significantly higher mortality rates from colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to other gender, racial, and ethnic groups. Although CRC is preventable and treatable with early detection, screening rates among Black men remain low. This study aimed to synthesize existing literature on the barriers and facilitators (determinants) of CRC screening to offer guidance to primary care teams in their efforts to improve screening uptake.

How do we capture child and family goals? Examining the goal setting practices used by community-based allied health professionals.

Purpose: This study aimed to i) identify child and family goals reported in a community allied health service, ii) map goals to ICF domains, and iii) evaluate goal characteristics against child-centred and family-centred practice principles.

Methods: A retrospective study design was used to extract and analyse raw goal data documented for children and families accessing a community-based allied health service. ICF linking rules were used to map goals to the ICF domains.

DISCOntinuation of disease-modifying therapies in MS: The DISCOMS extension trial.

Background: In the DISCOMS (DISCOntinuation of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS)) randomized clinical trial, we could not demonstrate that discontinuing MS DMTs in older, stable adults was not inferior to continuing DMTs. Relapses were rare in both groups, and most new disease activity was one to two new brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions unassociated with clinical changes.

Objective/aims: Describe results of the DISCOMS extension study.

Evaluation of host immune responses to Mycobacteriophage Fionnbharth by route of delivery.

For much of the last decade, tuberculosis (TB) was the leading cause of mortality due to an infectious pathogen (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M.tb). Approximately 1.

Improving access to services in neuro-developmental disability: proceedings of a national meeting to advance community capacity.

As part of a participatory project to advance navigational service delivery systems for children with neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) and their families, this paper addresses proceedings from a capacity-building conference in Vancouver, Canada. A total of 29 invited key stakeholders attended the meeting with the following aims: knowledge sharing amongst provincial/territorial regions advancing NDD navigation capacity; sustainable action-oriented knowledge exchange; and operationalizing next steps to build navigation resources across Canadian regions. Regional representation included multiple and inter-sectoral partners (e.

Population genomics of premature termination codons in cavefish with substantial trait loss.

Loss-of-function alleles are a pertinent source of genetic variation with the potential to contribute to adaptation. Cave-adapted organisms exhibit striking loss of ancestral traits such as eyes and pigment, suggesting that loss-of-function alleles may play an outsized role in these systems. Here, we leverage 141 whole genome sequences to evaluate the evolutionary history and adaptive potential of single nucleotide premature termination codons (PTCs) in Mexican tetra.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Human-robot interactions and experiences of staff and service robots in aged care.

The rise of robotics in aged care is transforming how older adults are cared for, addressing staff shortages and workload. Daily interactions with staff and residents highlight an urgent need to better understand and improve human-robot interactions. This study investigates how 34 staff interacted with 10 service robots in a regional Australian aged care facility over 5 years, focusing primarily on their experience with service robots that transported meals and laundry.