Determinants of enrolment for community-based health insurance in Somali region of Ethiopia.

Background: Community-based health insurance (CBHI) is a type of health insurance programme that provides financial protection against the cost of illnesses and improves access to healthcare services for communities in the informal sector.

Aim: The aim was to assess the determinants of enrolment for CBHI in Aw-barre district - an agro-pastoral setting in the Somali region, Ethiopia.

Setting: Ethiopia launched the CBHI scheme in 2011 as part of the revised healthcare financing strategy to realise universal health coverage.

ANTI -NMDA RECEPTOR ENCEPHALITIS: A POSSIBLE APPROACH TO DEVELOP A COST-EFFECTIVE TEST FOR ANTI NMDA RECEPTOR ANTIBODY DETECTION.

Background: Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) has been ranked as the third most common cause of encephalitis after viral encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The estimated incidence is 5-8 cases per 100,000 population. The objective of this study was to develop a cost-effective test for detection of anti NMDA R antibodies by using in house prepared rodent brain tissue sections which could facilitate timely diagnosis and management of anti NMDA R Encephalitis, which if left undiagnosed may prove fatal.

Optimizing Open Radio Access Network Systems with LLAMA V2 for Enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and Massive Machine-Type Communications: A Framework for Efficient Network Slicing and Real-Time Resource Allocation.

This study presents an advanced framework integrating LLAMA_V2, a large language model, into Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) systems. The focus is on efficient network slicing for various services. Sensors in IoT devices generate continuous data streams, enabling resource allocation through O-RAN's dynamic slicing and LLAMA_V2's optimization.

A Novel Hybrid XAI Solution for Autonomous Vehicles: Real-Time Interpretability Through LIME-SHAP Integration.

The rapid advancement in self-driving and autonomous vehicles (AVs) integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) technology demands not only precision but also output transparency. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid explainable AI (XAI) framework that combines local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). Our framework combines the precision and globality of SHAP and low computational requirements of LIME, creating a balanced approach for onboard deployment with enhanced transparency.

Anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis with myasthenia gravis: A sinister combination associated with a high risk for underlying malignancy.

A rare subtype of autoimmune encephalitis consists of antibodies targetting the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor in the central nervous system. We describe the clinical presentation and autoimmune profile of the first case of alpha-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor encephalitis with concurrent anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in Pakistan. The patient was a 58-year-old male who presented with the characteristic symptoms of limbic encephalitis with memory loss, irritability, agitation, and confusion.

Evaluating the Performance of Proposed Switched Beam Antenna Systems in Dynamic V2V Communication Networks.

This paper develops a novel approach for reliable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication in various environments. A switched beam antenna is deployed at the transmitting and receiving points, with a beam management system that concentrates the power in each beam using a low-computation algorithm and a potential mathematical model. The algorithm is designed to be flexible for various environments faced by vehicles.

Pooled coverage of community based health insurance scheme enrolment in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis, 2016-2020.

Background: Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI) is a type of health insurance program that provides financial protection against the cost of illness and improving access to health care services for communities engaged in the informal sector. In Ethiopia, the coverage of CBHI enrolment varies across regions and decision of household enrolment is affected by different factors. There are pocket studies on CBHI scheme with different coverage in Ethiopia and there is no pooled study on CBHI enrolment coverage in Ethiopia for better understanding the scheme and decision making.

An Eluate of the Medicinal Plant Displays Strong Antidiabetic and Neuroprotective Properties in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice.

Materials And Methods: methanolic extract was fractionated using increasingly polar solvents. Fractions were administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice until marked motor signs developed in diabetic controls. Fine motor skills indicators were measured in the horizontal grid test (HGT) to confirm the prevention of motor disorders in treated animals.

Omega 3 fatty acids - Potential modulators for oxidative stress and inflammation in the management of sickle cell disease.

Objective: Sickle cell disease is characterized by clinical complications resulting in vaso-occlusive crisis with prominent attributes of oxidative stress, inflammation, and pain. Inflammation is an integral part of this disease which further exacerbates the pain during a crisis. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregatory properties and assist in diminishing the slow physiological inactivation.

3D point cloud lossy compression using quadric surfaces.

The presence of 3D sensors in hand-held or head-mounted smart devices has motivated many researchers around the globe to devise algorithms to manage 3D point cloud data efficiently and economically. This paper presents a novel lossy compression technique to compress and decompress 3D point cloud data that will save storage space on smart devices as well as minimize the use of bandwidth when transferred over the network. The idea presented in this research exploits geometric information of the scene by using quadric surface representation of the point cloud.

Ilizarov fixator pin site infection: A comparison between transverse wires and half pins.

Objective: To evaluate the difference in the infection rates between Ilizarov wires and half-pins in routine practice.

Methods: This was an observational, prospective; single-centre study approved by the institutional ethics committee. Hundred cases were treated from June 2014 to May 2018 at Ilizarov Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan.

TRAP transporter TakP: a key player in the resistance against selenite-induced oxidative stress in Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

Almost one-third of all proteins require metal ions as an essential component in key biological processes and approximately half of all enzymes are associated with one or more metal ions. The naturally occurring selenium is very toxic at higher levels, but few bacteria can reduce it into the less toxic insoluble elemental selenium. Selenium is required for the synthesis of selenocysteine, an essential residue involved in the active sites of various enzymes.

Enoxaparin Attenuates Acute Lung Injury and Inflammasome Activation after Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients frequently develop cardiopulmonary system complications such as acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the mechanism by which TBI causes ALI/ARDS is not fully understood. Here, we used a severe TBI model to examine the effects of a low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, on inflammasome activation and lung injury damage.

Anti NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis in Pakistan: Clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes.

Anti-NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis (anti-NMDAR Encephalitis) is the most common subtype of autoimmune encephalitis in which IgG antibodies directed against NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors are present. It is a potentially lethal encephalitis which responds favourably to timely immunosuppressive therapy. If untreated, its progression leads from delusions, paranoia, movement disorder, memory deficit and seizures into a state of unresponsiveness with autonomic instability and even death.

C1Q Nephropathy: A Multifaceted Disease With Infrequent Diagnosis.

Background: C1q nephropathy (C1qN) is a rare glomerulopathy, with a very low prevalence world wide varying from 0.2 to 2.5%.

Assessment of focused antenatal care utilization and associated factors in Western Oromia, Nekemte, Ethiopia.

Objective: Despite the fact that quality antenatal care is one of the essential aspects in maternal and child health care, the current perceived quality and associated factors of this service is not well acknowledged in Ethiopia. This study was therefore undertaken to assess focused antenatal care service utilization and associated factors in western Ethiopia.

Result: This study has measured the utilization of focused antenatal care services in terms of regularity of frequency of attendance, initiation time and completeness of the components.

Trends of admission and predictors of neonatal mortality: A hospital based retrospective cohort study in Somali region of Ethiopia.

Background: In Ethiopia, the trend of neonatal mortality showed slow pace of reduction from 2000-2016 compared to the reduction in infant and under-five mortality over the same period. This study aimed at unpacking the trends of admission, specific causes and rate of neonatal mortality as well as predictors of neonatal mortality at a general hospital in Somali region of Ethiopia.

Methods: A hospital based retrospective cohort study was conducted from 25th of May 2017to 10th of June, 2017.

T cell reactivity to Collagen II as a possible prognostic marker in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To compare the frequency and the functional state of the collagen II reactive T cells with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls.

Methods: This case-control cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Immunology; Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from June to October 2014. Rheumatologist from Rehmat Noor Rheumatology Clinic, a private health facility of the city, was requested to send in patients with clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Highly integrated nanocomposites of RGO/TiO nanotubes for enhanced removal of microbes from water.

Highly integrated nanocomposite of Graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives with metal oxides is essential for enhanced performance for various applications. Tuning the morphology is an important aspect during nanomaterials synthesis; this has an amplifying influence upon physicochemical properties of advanced functional materials. In this research work, GO/TiO nanotube composites have been successfully synthesized via alkaline hydrothermal treatment method by augmenting GO layers with two different phases of TiO (anatase and rutile) nanoparticles, followed by the hydrothermal treatment that also have caused reduction of GO to reduced GO (RGO).

Garcinia kola seeds may prevent cognitive and motor dysfunctions in a type 1 diabetes mellitus rat model partly by mitigating neuroinflammation.

Background We reported recently that extracts of seeds of Garcinia kola, a plant with established hypoglycemic properties, prevented the loss of inflammation-sensible neuronal populations like Purkinje cells in a rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Here, we assessed G. kola extract ability to prevent the early cognitive and motor dysfunctions observed in this model.

Discordant disease expression of neonatal lupus erythematosus in twins.

Neonatal lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease resulting from the trans-placental passage of maternal anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, and less frequently anti-RNP antibodies to the foetus. At the time of diagnosis 50% of mothers are asymptomatic. Neonatal manifestations of this multisystem disease may include congenital heart block, cutaneous lesions and haematological abnormalities.

Superficial temporal artery - middle cerebral artery bypass for internal carotid artery petrous aneurysm: A case report.

A 13 years old boy presented with persistent ear bleed following a blow to the head. The boy was found to have a bleeding congenital aneurysm of the Petrous part of the internal carotid artery. He underwent a bypass surgery for the aneurysm and a successful Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery bypass was made.

Reasons and Motivations for Cigarette Smoking and Barriers against Quitting Among a Sample of Young People in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Tobacco consumption has grave negative consequences for health so that it is important to understand the reasons and motivations towards cigarette smoking and barriers against quitting smoking among the young generation for developing effective policies to control this widespread problem.

Materials And Methods: This crosssectional survey was carried out at the Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Chronic granulomatous disease.

Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disorder characterised by inability of phagocytes to generate reactive oxygen species needed for intracellular killing of phagocytosed microorganisms. We report the case of an 8-month-old male child with recurrent chest infections and perianal abscess that had no response to conventional antibiotic treatment. His two elder brothers died due to similar complaints at the ages of 4 and 5 months.