Efficacy of oral modafinil on accelerating consciousness recovery in adult patients with moderate to severe acute traumatic brain injury admitted to intensive care unit: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of hospitalization and disability in young and middle-aged adults. This study aims to survey the efficacy of oral modafinil, a low-side-effect central nervous system stimulant, in the enhancement of consciousness recovery in moderate to severe TBI patients in the ICUs of a referral trauma center.

Materials And Methods: All ICU patients meeting inclusion criteria between April 2021 and April 2023 were screened.

Characteristics and outcome of patients requiring Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury: a retrospective analysis.

Brain swelling after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can elevate intracranial pressure, necessitating Decompressive Craniectomy (DC) as the preferred surgical intervention. This study aimed to analyze a large institutional database to identify clinical characteristics of patients requiring primary DC and their outcomes. We reviewed TBI patients admitted to our center from 2015 to 2021, utilizing a prospectively maintained registry.

Pre-admission opioid use disorder as a new predictor of in-hospital mortality and six-month outcomes in traumatic brain injury patients: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of pre-admission Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) on in-hospital mortality and 6-month follow-up TBI outcomes.

Design: This study included 2804 patients with TBI admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Emtiaz (Rajaee) Hospital, a referral trauma center in Shiraz, Iran. Finally, 1087 eligible participants were selected from included patients.

Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training improves two executive functions: Cognitive flexibility and information updating after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often causes persistent deficits in cognitive flexibility and information updating. Cognitive flexibility refers to the brain's ability to adjust its thinking and behavior in response to changing circumstances, whereas information updating is the process of incorporating new facts into current knowledge. Both cognitive flexibility and information updating are critical components of executive function, and their impairment can have a major influence on a person's capacity to operate independently and adjust to life's problems following a TBI.

Single-layer graphene oxide nanosheets induce proliferation and Osteogenesis of single-cell hBMSCs encapsulated in Alginate Microgels.

Microfluidics cell encapsulation offers a way to mimic a 3D microenvironment that supports cell growth and proliferation, while also protecting cells from environmental stress. This technique has found extensive applications in tissue engineering and cell therapies. Several studies have demonstrated the advantages of graphene oxide (GO) as an osteogenic inducer; however, the significance of GO on stem cell fate in the single-cell state is still unclear.

Immunogenicity of Brucella Trivalent Immunogen-Containing Polyethyleneimine Nanostructure Targeted with LPS in a Mouse Model.

Brucella is a facultative intracellular gram-negative coccobacillus. It is nonsporulating and reproduced in macrophage phagosomes. The use of nanostructures as drug and vaccine carriers has recently received attention due to their ability to control the release profile and protect the drug molecules.

Niosomes loaded with gold nanoparticles for enhanced radiation therapy in lung cancer.

The present investigation aimed to develop niosomes containing gold nanoparticles (Nio-AuNPs) and to evaluate the combinational effect of Nio-AuNPs and x-ray radiation therapy (XRT) on growth inhibition potential and induction of apoptosis in the A549 cell line. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized, and niosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. Various techniques were employed to determine their physiochemical characteristics.

Influence of connective tissue grafts on implants in the aesthetic area: A systematic review. Are connective grafts essential?

Background: Achieving adequate aesthetics with implants in the anterior sector continues to be a challenge. One of the most studied and currently used techniques is the use of autologous connective tissue grafts to improve the peri-implant soft tissues in this area. Our objective is to analyze whether these techniques have a predictable impact on the tissues and aesthetics; and if it is worth performing them.

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of tissue plasminogen activator-loaded nanoliposomes with anticoagulant coating.

The clinical efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is limited by its lack of specific delivery, requiring large therapeutic doses that increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, bleeding at the surgical site, and patient mortality after angioplasty. To address these limitations, this study aimed to develop a chitosan polysulfate (CsPs)-coated liposomal formulation for the sustained release of tPA. The CsPs-coated liposomes containing tPA (Liposome-tPA/CsPs) were fabricated using the thin-film hydration technique and their properties were compared to tPA-encapsulated nanoliposomes without a coating layer (Liposome-tPA).

Intranasal and intraperitoneal immunization against infection using niosome and mannosylated niosomes containing recombinant trigger factor/Bp26/Omp31 chimeric protein in a mouse model.

Purpose: Brucellosis, a zoonotic infectious disease, is a worldwide health issue affecting animals and humans. No effective human vaccine and the complications caused by the use of animal vaccines are among the factors that have prevented the eradication of the disease worldwide. However, bio-engineering technologies have paved the way for designing new targeted and highly efficacious vaccines.

Early hypocoagulable state in traumatic brain injury patients: incidence, predisposing factors, and outcomes in a retrospective cohort study.

Coagulopathy development in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the significant complications that can negatively affect the clinical course and outcome of TBI patients. Timely identification of this complication is of utmost importance in the acute clinical setting. We reviewed TBI patients admitted to our trauma center from 2015 to 2021.

The PI3K/Akt signaling axis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): From mechanistic insights into possible therapeutic targets.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an immensely debilitating chronic disease that progressively undermines the well-being of various bodily organs and, indeed, most patients succumb to the disease due to post-T2DM complications. Although there is evidence supporting the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway by insulin, which is essential in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, the significance of this pathway in T2DM has only been explored in a few studies. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which different classes of PI3Ks control the metabolism of glucose; and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic.

2- to 20-year myelomeningocele follow-up outcomes from a referral center in Southern Iran: the Shiraz experience.

Background: The current convention for treatment of children with myelomeningocele (MMC) is timely surgical intervention combined with long-term follow-up by a multidisciplinary specialized team. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of MMC patients treated at Namazi Hospital.

Methods: All children presenting to Namazi Hospital with myelomeningocele between May 2001 and August 2020 were eligible for this study.

Comparing Quality of Life: Discectomy Surgery versus Epidural Corticosteroid Injection for Lumbar Disc Herniation.

Background: Selecting an efficient treatment for patients with radiculopathy caused by lumbar disc herniation (LDH) unresponsive to conservative management remains a challenging task under investigation, yielding varying results. This study aims to compare the outcomes of the 2 most prevalent invasive treatments.

Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study, we enrolled patients with confirmed refractory symptomatic LDH who sought treatment at Valiasr Hospital and underwent either discectomy surgery or epidural steroid injection (ESI) between 2019 and 2022.

Role of Electrodiagnostic Modalities in Detection of Nasal Septal Deviation.

Nasal Septal Deviation (NSD) is a common sign in otorhinolaryngology that can lead to facial asymmetry. In this case-control observational study, we assessed the role of EMG and NCS in the diagnosis of NSD and its effect on neuromuscular function. Participants were divided into two groups based on paranasal sinus computed tomography scan (PNS CT) results: NSD cases (n = 21) and controls without NSD (n = 13).

Orexin and cannabinoid systems modulate long-term potentiation of the hippocampus CA1 area in anesthetized rats.

Objectives: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a kind of synaptic plasticity and has a key role in learning and memory. Endocannabinoids and orexins are the endogenous systems that can modulate synaptic plasticity. Given that new studies have shown an interaction between cannabinoid and orexin systems in the brain, we decided to examine this interaction between the two systems on LTP induction in rat's hippocampus.

Effect of low fibrinogen level on in-hospital mortality and 6-month functional outcome of TBI patients, a single center experience.

In patients affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI), hypofibrinogenemia within the initial hours of trauma can be expected due to vascular and inflammatory changes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of hypofibrinogenemia on the in-hospital mortality and 6-month functional outcomes of TBI patients, admitted to Rajaee Hospital, a referral trauma center in Shiraz, Iran. This study included all TBI patients admitted to our center who had no prior history of coagulopathy or any systemic disease, were alive on arrival, and had not received any blood product before admission.

Cellulose nanocrystals from celery stalk as quercetin scaffolds: A novel perspective of human holo-transferrin adsorption and digestion behaviours.

In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were synthesized from celery stalks to be used as the platform for quercetin delivery. Additionally, CNCs and CNCs-quercetin were characterized using the results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and zeta potential, while their interactions with human holo-transferrin (HTF) were also investigated. We examined their interaction under physiological conditions through the exertion of fluorescence, resonance light scattering, synchronized fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques.