Potential cytotoxicity of PM2.5-bound PAHs and toxic metals collected from areas with different traffic densities on human lung epithelial cells (A549).

Laboratory and epidemiological researches have indicated that ambient air particulate matter have a plays critical role in causing diseases. The current research evaluated the chemical attributes of PM2.5 in the ambient air of the cities of Karaj and Fardis and determined its toxicological effects on human lung epithelial cells (A549).

The effect of PM-related hazards on biomarkers of bronchial epithelial cells (A549) inflammation in Karaj and Fardis cities.

Fine particles (especially PM particles) in ambient air can cause irreversible effects on human health. In the present study, seasonal variations in toxicity PM (cell viability and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines) were exposed human lung cells (A549) to concentrations of PM samples in summer (sPM) and winter (wPM) seasons. Cells were separately exposed to three concentrations of PM (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) and three times (12 h, 1 and 2 days).