THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE LEVEL AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE DISABILITY.

The second common disease that is neurodegenerative is connected with PD in elderly patients which is the distribution of gender. The proliferation has been reported in the last decade in homocysteine (Hcy) along with other diseases, epilepsy, Alzheimer, and idiopathic Parkinson's. Objectives - identifying the elevated level of Hcy which is a common factor for developmental disease and making the increase in motor disability of Hcy.

Antihypertensive Medications and the Prevalence of Hyperkalemia in a Large Health System.

Little is known about the frequency and patterns of hyperkalemia in clinical settings. We evaluated the association between baseline antihypertensive medications that may affect potassium levels (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, loop/thiazide diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics) and hyperkalemia, defined by potassium >5 mEq/L and >5.5 mEq/L, over a 3-year time period in 194 456 outpatients in the Geisinger Health System, as well as actions taken after an episode of hyperkalemia.

Spontaneous resolution of lupus nephritis following withdrawal of etanercept.

Introduction: Etanercept, a systemic inhibitor of α-TNF, is used for treatment of various autoimmune disorders. We report a case of spontaneous resolution of etanercept-induced lupus nephritis.

Case Description: A 57-year-old female patient taking etanercept for psoriasis presented with laboratory-and histology-confirmed lupus nephritis.

GFR decline and mortality risk among patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background And Objectives: Estimates of the effect of estimated GFR (eGFR) decline on mortality have focused on populations with normal kidney function, or have included limited information on factors previously shown to influence the risk of death among patients with CKD.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We retrospectively assessed the effect of rate of eGFR decline on survival of patients with CKD receiving primary care through a large integrated health care system in central Pennsylvania between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2009.

Results: A total of 15,465 patients were followed for a median of 3.

Acute kidney injury in the critically ill, morbidly obese patient: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in a unique patient population.

The growing burden of morbid obesity (body mass index >40 kg/m²) on critical care resources translates to a significant incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in morbidly obese (MO), critically ill patients. This article examines the literature pertinent to AKI in critically ill MO patients. After a concise review of the available epidemiologic data regarding the incidence of acute renal injury in MO individuals, the authors review the limitations and available tools for estimation of renal function in the MO population (with emphasis on the critical illness).

Insertion-deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene among Sudanese, Somalis, Emiratis, and Omanis.

The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in humans contains an insertion-deletion polymorphism in its intron 16. Because of its involvement with the renin-angiotensin system, the insertion-deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene has been widely investigated in different populations and in case-control studies. However, similar studies for Arab populations are limited in number.

Transplantation and 6-month follow-up of renal transplantation from a donor with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.

Transplantation of kidneys with pre-existing glomerulonephritis (GN) has rarely been reported. Little is known of the subsequent evolution of donor pathology in the recipient. We report a transplant using a donor with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a history of remote acute renal failure but normal renal function at death.

Case report: IgM type of membranous glomerulopathy in a diabetic patient.

We report the case of a 46-yr-old man with a 16-yr history of type I diabetes mellitus who developed rapid onset of nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy revealed diabetic nephropathy, characterized by thickened glomerular basement membranes (GBM), mild nodular glomerulosclerosis, and focal arteriolar hyalinization. Immunofluorescent (IF) studies showed strong granular IgM staining along glomerular loops, with subepithelial and intramembranous immune complex deposits along glomerular capillary loops demonstrated by electron microscopy (EM).

Acute cellular rejection predominated by monocytes is a severe form of rejection in human renal recipients with or without Campath-1H (alemtuzumab) induction therapy.

Campath-1H has been used successfully for induction and has resulted in a low rate of acute cellular rejection (ACR) in renal transplantation in combination with various postoperative immunosuppression regimens. This study was undertaken to investigate the extent of monocyte involvement in ACR, with or without Campath-1H induction. We found that monocytes represented the majority of inflammatory cells in grades Ib or higher ACR, but not with Ia type of ACR, regardless of the status of Campath-1H induction.

Monocyte-mediated acute renal rejection after combined treatment with preoperative Campath-1H (alemtuzumab) and postoperative immunosuppression.

Campath-1H (alemtuzumab), a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52, can cause more profound depletion of lymphocytes than monocytes. The resultant imbalance of lymphocytes and monocytes after Campath-1H treatment of a renal-transplant recipient may lead to an acute rejection dominated by monocytes. We report such a case of acute transplant rejection in a 49-yr-old man who received a living non-related kidney transplant and was treated with preoperative Campath-1H and postoperative immunosuppression.