Intestinal Colonization by , , and among Commensal in the Urban Areas of Tehran, Iran.

Background: () population plays a significant role in the spread of numerous diseases in urban environments. The present study is aimed at investigating the presence of (), , (), toxigenic, and in captured from urban areas of Tehran, Iran.

Methods: From October 2021 to October 2022, 100 urban rats were trapped in 5 different districts of Tehran, Iran.

Biofilm Formation in Mycobacterial Genus; Mechanism of Biofilm Formation and Anti-Mycobacterial Biofilm Agents.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are among the most significant human pathogens within the Mycobacterium genus. These pathogens can infect people who come into contact with biomaterials or have chronic illnesses. A characteristic pathogenic trait of mycobacteria is the development of biofilms, which involves several molecules, such as the GroEL1 chaperone, glycopeptidolipids, and shorter-chain mycolic acids.

Detection of , spp. and spp. in captured from Tehran, Iran.

The present study aims to determine the presence of spp., , pathogen, , spp., spp.

Dormancy: Waiting for Insurgency.

Relapse infection usually results from resistance to the antibiotic, acquired genes, or persister cells. Persister cells are formed through mutation, reduced activity or metabolically inactive pathways induced by antibiotics, harassing conditions, low ATP, and malnutrition. These factors provide the ground for bacteria to grow slowly.

The prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Knowledge of global clarithromycin (CLA)-resistant rates of () is crucial for decision of the most appropriate eradication therapies with good clinical outcomes. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of the CLA resistance in to provide some guidance for selecting the first-line antibiotics.

Method: A comprehensive search was performed for relevant literature until April 2021 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases.

Intestinal colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in children admitted to Mofid children's hospital intensive care unit at admission and at discharge.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of intestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) carrying vanA and vanB genes in patients at ICU admission and at discharge from ICU in Mofid children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Method: Sampling was performed using rectal swabs and vancomycin susceptibility testing for Enterococcus spp. was carried out using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) medium using an E-test kit.

Molecular Detection and Characterization of the and Isolated from Hospitalized Patients and Healthcare Workers in Iran.

Background: The present study is aimed at surveying the antibiotics resistance profile, biofilm formation ability, staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) types, and molecular epidemiology of and isolated from hospitalized patients and healthcare workers in four teaching hospitals in Iran.

Methods: In total, 43 and 12 were isolated from hospitalized patients, and 19 and 7 isolated from healthcare workers were included in the present study. The antimicrobial resistance profile of isolates was determined using the disk diffusion method.

Molecular detection and characterization of Shigella spp. harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in children with diarrhea in northwest Iran.

Shigellosis is one of the acute bowel infections and remains a serious public health problem in resource-poor countries. The present study aimed to survey the distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Shigella strains isolated from patients with diarrhea in northwest Iran. In the present cross-sectional study, from January 2019 to December 2020, 1280 fecal samples were collected from children with diarrhea in Ardabil, Iran.

Linezolid resistance in multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Linezolid (LNZ) is an effective antibiotic to treat patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment failure. strains resistant to isoniazid and rifampin are defined as MDR-TB. In recent years, resistance to LNZ among MDR-TB cases has been reported in several different countries.

Comparison of Rifabutin-Based Versus Rifampin-Based Regimens for the Treatment of Complex: A meta-Analysis Study.

The incidence of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) increases as immunosuppressed conditions become more common. MAC's standard treatment regimen includes a macrolide, ethambutol, and a rifamycin, among which rifampin and rifabutin are the most commonly used. Although current guidelines recommend initial therapy for MAC with rifampin, it has been theorized to be less efficacious than rifabutin.

: Biofilm Formation and Strategies Against it.

Formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm causes significant infections in the human body. Biofilm forms through the aggregation of bacterial species and brings about many complications. It mediates drug resistance and persistence and facilitates the recurrence of infection at the end of antimicrobial therapy.

Detection and characterization of Enterobacteriaceae family members carried by commensal Rattus norvegicus from Tehran, Iran.

Wild rats are known to carry different microorganisms and are considered a reservoir of zoonotic pathogens worldwide. The urban rats were collected from five districts of Tehran and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) were isolated from fecal samples and were identified using classical biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, the results of which were interpreted in line with CLSI guideline.

Survey of various carbapenem-resistant mechanisms of and isolated from clinical samples in Iran.

Objectives: and resist antibiotics by different intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. This study aims to define various carbapenem-resistant mechanisms of isolated and from nine different provinces of Iran.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all carbapenem-resistant and samples from nine provinces of Iran on a one-year time horizon were gathered.

Upregulation of efrAB efflux pump among Enterococcus faecalis ST480, ST847 in Iran.

Antibiotic resistance and especially multiresistance in Enterococci, is a serious public health issue especially in infections of immunocompromised patients. EfrAB is a heterodimeric multidrug ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that causes endogenous resistance to antimicrobials including fluoroquinolones in Enterococcus spp. The aim of this study was to seek the gene expression rate and role of efrAB efflux pump in ciprofloxacin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of multiresistant isolates.

A comprehensive review of bacterial osteomyelitis with emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus.

Osteomyelitis, a significant infection of bone tissue, gives rise to two main groups of infection: acute and chronic. These groups are further categorized in terms of the duration of infection. Usually, children and adults are more susceptible to acute and chronic infections, respectively.

HIV-Tuberculous Meningitis Co-Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected persons are at a higher risk of developing Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of TBM-HIV co-infection. We systematically searched Pubmed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane library databases from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2017, to find relevant studies.

Serosurvey and molecular detection of the main zoonotic parasites carried by commensal population in Tehran, Iran.

Background: are reservoirs for transmission of various zoonotic parasites, and they have become a threat to public health worldwide. Given the large number and the significant presence of throughout the city of Tehran, this study aims to assess the frequency of zoonotic parasites carried by commensal rodents wandering in Tehran, Iran. The study considered the north, south, west, east, and center regions of Tehran for the purposes of this study.

Evaluating the efficiency of TaqMan real-time PCR and serological methods in the detection of Brucella spp. in clinical specimens collected from suspected patients in Ardabil, Iran.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the TaqMan real-time PCR and serological methods in detecting Brucella spp. in clinical specimens that have been collected from suspected patients in Ardabil, Iran.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 113 consecutive patients suspected of brucellosis who were referred to the three hospitals in Ardabil province were selected.

Molecular Mechanisms of Effector Proteins: A Comprehensive Review.

can be categorized into many serotypes, which are specific to known hosts or broadhosts. It makes no difference which one of the serotypes would penetrate the gastrointestinal tract because they all face similar obstacles such as mucus and microbiome. However, following their penetration, some species remain in the gastrointestinal tract; yet, others spread to another organ like gallbladder.

Global estimate of phenotypic and genotypic ganciclovir resistance in cytomegalovirus infections among HIV and organ transplant patients; A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), an opportunistic pathogen belonging to Herpesviridae family, is considered as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among wide variety of patients, particularly in transplant recipients and HIV positive patients. As this virus can be resistant to treatment, frequency of CMV in patients who receive organ transplantation and people suffering from AIDS was studied between 1980 and 2019. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, and the Iranian Database were reviewed, and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (V2.

Kinetics Analysis and Susceptibility Coefficient of the Pathogenic Bacteria by Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

The increase of bacterial resistance to common antibacterial agents is one of the major problems of health care systems and hospital infection control programs. In this study, antimicrobial activity of titanium dioxide (TiO ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated against , , and pathogenic bacteria by determining sensitivity coefficient and kinetics of bacterial death. Antimicrobial tests were performed with ~10 CFU/mL of each bacterium at baseline.