Antimicrobial management of dental infections: Updated review.

Dental infections, which include anything from severe periodontal illnesses and abscess forms to routine tooth caries, are a major public health risk. This review article focuses on the pathophysiology and treatment of dental infections. A narrative review was conducted based on several published articles, relevant journals, and books in Google Scholar PubMed using the keywords dental caries, periodontal disease, gingivitis, and related diseases; we excluded duplicated information.

Bacterial contamination of cockroaches in different wards of hospital, restaurant and home.

Cockroaches are very capable of mechanically transmitting harmful microorganisms, which is seen to be a severe hazard to the general public's health. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of cockroach bacterial contamination in various locations throughout Babylon. 300 cockroaches were caught from different wards of the hospital, restaurants, and houses.

The developing role of extracellular vesicles in autoimmune diseases: special attention to mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.

Autoimmune diseases are complex, chronic inflammatory conditions initiated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. Nowadays, there is no effective and useful therapy for autoimmune diseases, and the existing medications have some limitations due to their nonspecific targets and side effects. During the last few decades, it has been established that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory functions.

The role of protein kinases in diabetic neuropathic pain: an update review.

Objectives: Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a debilitating symptom of diabetic neuropathy which seriously impairs patient's quality of life. Currently, there is no specific therapy for DNP except for duloxetine and gabapentin that show limited utility in alleviating DNP. The present review aims to discuss the central role of protein kinases in the pathogenesis of DNP and their therapeutic modulation.

Ocular complications after inferior alveolar nerve block: a case report.

Ocular complications, transient loss of vision and diplopia, and blanching of the skin of the infraorbital region were reported in a female patient after an inferior alveolar nerve block for extraction of the permanent mandibular left third molar tooth. Injection of the anesthetic solution into the maxillary artery could result to such complications. The anatomy related to this case, with suggestions for management of such a patient is discussed.