Metachronous spinal pial arteriovenous fistulas: case report.

Spinal pial arteriovenous fistulas (spAVFs) are believed to be congenital lesions, and the development of a de novo spAVF has not been previously described. A 49-year-old female with a childhood history of vascular malformation-induced right lower-extremity hypertrophy presented in 2004 with progressive pain in her right posterior thigh and outer foot. Workup revealed 3 separate type IV spAVFs, which were treated by combined embolization and resection, with final conventional angiography showing no residual spinal vascular lesion in 2005.

Safety and outcome of combined endovascular and surgical management of low grade cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children compared to surgery alone.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of combined preoperative embolization and microsurgical resection in comparison with microsurgical resection alone as the current standard of care for low-grade cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in the pediatric population.

Materials & Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective study of pediatric patients presenting with Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade I and II cerebral AVMs at a high-volume tertiary pediatric hospital between January 2005 and September 2016. Low grade AVM patients were divided into two groups: pre-operative embolization with subsequent microsurgical resection or microsurgical resection alone.

Choroidal artery embolization in the management of cerebrospinal fluid overproduction: case report and review of the literature.

Diffuse villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus (DVHCP) is a rare cause of communicating hydrocephalus. DVHCP may be diagnosed radiographically and through histological evaluation. It may be associated with genetic abnormalities, particularly involving chromosome 9.

MynxGrip vascular closure device use in pediatric neurointerventional procedures.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was assess the efficacy and safety of using the MynxGrip arterial closure device in pediatric neuroendovascular procedures where the use of closure devices remains off-label despite their validation and widespread use in adults. METHODS A retrospective review of all pediatric patients who underwent diagnostic or interventional neuroendovascular procedures at the authors' institution was performed. MynxGrip use was predicated by an adequate depth of subcutaneous tissue and common femoral artery (CFA) diameter.

The rare case of a large complex intraosseous cranial arteriovenous malformation with successful multidisciplinary management.

Intraosseous cranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are very rare, challenging entities. The authors report the case of an extracranial parietooccipital vascular lesion. A 12-year-old boy presented with accelerated growth of a right scalp lesion over a few months.

Long-term evaluation of a historical cohort of Iranian common variable immunodeficiency patients.

Objectives: Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is the most frequent form of symptomatic primary immunodeficiency disease, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections and increased predisposition to autoimmunity and malignancies. The aim of this study was to reconsider important points of previously performed studies on Iranian CVID patients diagnosed and followed from 1984 to 2013.

Methods: Diagnosis was made using approved criteria including reductions of serum levels of immunoglobulins and exclusion of well-known single gene defects in individuals with an age >4 years and evidence of specific antibody deficiency.

A review on guidelines for management and treatment of common variable immunodeficiency.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency in adults. As symptoms of CVID are usually heterogeneous and unspecific, diagnosis and follow-up of CVID can be challenging. In light of this, a broad review of advances in management and treatment of CVID is performed here in order to reach a distinct protocol.