Application of multi-criteria group decision-making for water quality management.

As waste discharge into numerous river systems escalates, the pollution of water bodies typically rises. Given the limited capacity of rivers to withstand pollution and their constrained self-cleaning capabilities, treated pollutants from waste discharge must be released into the river. Despite numerous models and algorithms proposed for managing river water quality to meet standards, literature, to our awareness, lacks the utilization of a comprehensive multi-criteria group decision-making approach for water quality management, particularly in river systems.

A novel combined system for efficient nitrate removal using a continuous flow electrocoagulation and sand filtration (FECF) reactor: Statistical analysis by Taguchi design.

In this study, a new hybrid bench-scale electrocoagulation-sand filtration (FECF) reactor was developed for purifying nitrate-contaminated samples. Before and after electrochemical treatment, two sand filters were included in this continuous system to facilitate the purification procedure, and the contaminated water flows horizontally through the entire system according to a specific hydraulic gradient within the reactor, resulting in water purification. Significant improvement in treatment performance was observed due to the presence of metal hydroxides in the second filter media that were not fully involved in the electrocoagulation treatment.

Multi-dimensional management framework on fresh groundwater lens of Kish Island in the Persian Gulf, Iran.

Groundwater in arid and semi-arid coastal aquifers is vulnerable to seawater intrusion and quality deterioration despite being one of the most reliable sources of water supply due to the increasing number of development plans and competition between water consumers. A multi-dimensional groundwater management framework is developed to trade-off between groundwater abstraction, allocation equity, groundwater quality, and energy considerations in the reverse osmosis (RO) filtration process in the fresh groundwater lens of Kish Island, Iran. An arid island confined in the Persian Gulf is modeled using 3D simulation and three well-occupied multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithms.

Simulation-based multi-objective optimization framework for sustainable management of coastal aquifers in semi-arid regions.

Groundwater is a strategic source of water supply, especially in arid and semi-arid coastal regions. Growing demand, along with scarce water sources, may impose intense pressure on this precious resource. This pressure will degrade water quality for future use and cause social inequality, despite supplying current needs.

Numerical modeling of groundwater flow and nitrate transport using MODFLOW and MT3DMS in the Karaj alluvial aquifer, Iran.

Nitrate is one of the most dangerous pollutants in groundwater, being regarded as a severe environmental hazard and a global-scale problem. The present study aims to analyze the groundwater flow and nitrate contamination in the Karaj unconfined aquifer, Central Iran. Simulation of the quantitative and qualitative status was performed using MODFLOW and MT3DMS.

Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions using micro zero-valent iron supported by bentonite layer.

Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity, mobility, and challenging removal from industrial wastewater. It is a strong oxidizing agent that is carcinogenic and mutagenic and diffuses quickly through soil and aquatic environments. Moreover, it does not form insoluble compounds in aqueous solutions; therefore, separation by precipitation is not feasible.