Spatiotemporal evolution of the distribution of Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) in honey bee colonies.

Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) is a Apis mellifera viral infectious disease, exhibiting dark and hairless abdomen in workers with tremors and ataxita. Clinical signs are also typically linked to adverse weather conditions and overcrowding in the hive. The disease occurs in spring but recently it has been observed cases increase and seasonality loss of the disease incidence.

Oxalic Acid Treatment: Short-Term Effects on Enzyme Activities, Vitellogenin Content, and Residual Oxalic Acid Content in House Bees, L.

Honeybees ( L.) have to face many challenges, including infestation, associated with viral transmission. Oxalic acid is one of the most common treatments against .

Seasonal trends of the ABPV, KBV, and IAPV complex in Italian managed honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies.

Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) usually persist as covert infections in honey bee colonies. They can cause rapid bee mortality in cases of severe infection, often associated with high Varroa destructor infestation, by which they are transmitted. In various countries, these viruses have been associated with colony collapse.

Effect of amino acid enriched diets on hemolymph amino acid composition in honey bees.

Amino acids (AAs) are an abundant class of nectar solutes, and they are involved in the nectar attractiveness to flower visitors. Among the various AAs, proline is the most abundant proteogenic AA, and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and β-alanine are the two most abundant non-proteogenic AAs. These three AAs are known to affect insect physiology, being involved in flight metabolism and neurotransmission.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil-Enriched Diet on Immune and Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity, Fat and Vitellogenin Contents in Newly Emerged and Forager Bees ( L.) Reared in Cages.

Searching for artificial diets positively affecting the survival, immune and antioxidant systems of honey bees is one of main challenges occurring in beekeeping. Among nutrients, lipids play a significant role in insect nutrition as structural components in cell membranes, energy sources and reserves, and are involved in many physiological processes. In this context, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of 0.

Preliminary investigation on the effect of insect-based chitosan on preservation of coated fresh cherry tomatoes.

Chitosan was produced from Hermetia illucens pupal exuviae by heterogeneous and homogeneous deacetylation. Tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum), that are one of the most grown and consumed food throughout the world, were coated with 0.5 and 1% chitosan, applied by dipping or spraying, and stored at room temperature or 4 °C, for a storage period of 30 days.

Queen Caging and Oxalic Acid Treatment: Combined Effect on Vitellogenin Content and Enzyme Activities in the First Post-Treatment Workers and Drones, L.

is a mite causing serious damage to western honey bees. Managed colonies require artificial varroa control, which may be best obtained by combining mechanical and chemical methods. This study explored the possible effects of the combination of queen caging and oxalic acid treatment on the immune system (glucose oxidase, phenoloxidase, and vitellogenin) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S transferase) of first post-treatment generation drones and workers (newly emerged, nurses, and foragers).

The Epidemiological Situation of the Managed Honey Bee () Colonies in the Italian Region Emilia-Romagna.

The recent decades witnessed the collapse of honey bee colonies at a global level. The major drivers of this collapse include both individual and synergic pathogen actions, threatening the colonies' survival. The need to define the epidemiological pattern of the pathogens that are involved has led to the establishment of monitoring programs in many countries, Italy included.

Antimicrobial properties of chitosan from different developmental stages of the bioconverter insect Hermetia illucens.

Growing antimicrobial resistance has prompted researchers to identify new natural molecules with antimicrobial potential. In this perspective, attention has been focused on biopolymers that could also be functional in the medical field. Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth and with its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, has several applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

Characterization of chitin and chitosan derived from Hermetia illucens, a further step in a circular economy process.

Due to their properties and applications, the growing demand for chitin and chitosan has stimulated the market to find more sustainable alternatives to the current commercial source (crustaceans). Bioconverter insects, such as Hermetia illucens, are the appropriate candidates, as chitin is a side stream of insect farms for feed applications. This is the first report on production and characterization of chitin and chitosan from different biomasses derived from H.

Effects of Two Commercial Protein Diets on the Health of Two Imago Ages of L. Reared in Laboratory.

Protein-supplemented artificial diets are widely used by beekeepers during winter and whenever food availability is low, yet no data are available concerning their effects on bees' health. In this work, the effects of two commercial diets enriched with 1.7% and 7.

Effect of Honey and Syrup Diets Enriched with 1,3-1,6 β-Glucans on Honeybee Survival Rate and Phenoloxidase Activity ( L. 1758).

β-glucans can activate the animal innate immune system by acting as immune-modulators and inducing various stimulatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans administered orally for 96 h on workers (newly emerged and nurse bees). β-glucans were included in honey and syrup.

Microbial Profile of the of Honey Bee ( Spinola, 1806) Fed with Veterinary Drugs, Dietary Supplements and Non-Protein Amino Acids.

The effects of veterinary drugs, dietary supplements and non-protein amino acids on the European honey bee ( Spinola, 1806) microbial profile were investigated. Total viable aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, , lactic acid bacteria, spp., aerobic bacterial endospores and spp.

Impact of large ovarian endometriomas on the response to superovulation for in vitro fertilization: A retrospective study.

Objective: To assess the response to superovulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in patients with unilateral endometriomas with diameter ≥5cm and in the contralateral healthy ovary.

Study Design: This retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database included patients who underwent superovulation for IVF/ICSI cycles and had unoperated single unilateral endometrioma with diameter ≥5cm and healthy contralateral ovary. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the number of oocyte retrieved in the ovary with the endometrioma and the contralateral healthy ovary.

Spontaneous fertility after expectant or surgical management of rectovaginal endometriosis in women with or without ovarian endometrioma: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: To investigate spontaneous pregnancy rate (SPRs) of women with rectovaginal endometriosis (RV) with/without ovarian endometrioma (OMA) and treated with the use of expectant or surgical management.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: University hospital.

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of ospemifene for the treatment of dyspareunia and genitourinary syndrome of menopause.

Introduction: Ospemifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator recently approved by the FDA for the treatment postmenopausal women experiencing moderate-to-severe dyspareunia and by the EMA for the treatment of moderate-to-severe symptomatic genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) in women who are not suitable candidates for local vaginal estrogen therapy.

Areas Covered: This review offers an explanation of the pharmacodynamics and of the pharmacokinetics of ospemifene, and gives readers a complete overview of Phase II and III studies on the clinical efficacy, tolerability and safety of this agent in the setting of GSM.

Expert Opinion: Ospemifene is efficacious for improving vaginal dryness or dyspareunia as the patient-identified most bothersome symptom, and Phase III clinical trials (4648 patients) have shown good efficacy in terms of improvement of objective and subjective signs and measures of GSM in postmenopausal women.

Ulipristal Acetate Before High Complexity Hysteroscopic Myomectomy: A Retrospective Comparative Study.

Study Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative treatment with ulipristal acetate (UPA) in patients undergoing high complexity hysteroscopic myomectomy.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Symptomatic endometriosis of the posterior cul-de-sac is associated with impaired sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia: a case-control study.

Objective: To assess the impact of endometriosis of the posterior cul-de-sac on quality of sleep, average daytime sleepiness and insomnia.

Study Design: This age-matched case-control study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis between May 2012 and December 2013. It included 145 women with endometriosis of the posterior cul-de-sac (cases; group E) and 145 patients referred to our Institution because of routine gynaecologic consultations (controls; group C).

Advances in pharmacotherapy for treating endometriosis.

Introduction: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent chronic disease requiring long-term therapy. Therefore, the choice of medical treatment should be based on efficacy, preference of patients, incidence and severity of adverse effects and cost.

Areas Covered: This review briefly summarizes the currently available medical treatment for endometriosis.

Drug safety evaluation of ulipristal acetate in the treatment of uterine fibroids.

Introduction: Ulipristal acetate (UPA) is a selective progesterone-receptor modulator (SPRM). SPRMs are a new class of progesterone-receptor ligands that exert tissue selective agonist, antagonist or mixed agonist-antagonist activity in target cells. UPA inhibits the proliferation, induces apoptosis of leiomyoma cells in vitro and demonstrates potent progesterone antagonist activity in vitro and in vivo.

Dienogest in the treatment of endometriosis.

Introduction: Dienogest (DNG) is an oral progestin, derivative of 19-nortestosterone, that has recently been introduced for the treatment of endometriosis.

Areas Covered: This review examines the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of DNG in the treatment of endometriosis. The material included in the current manuscript was searched and obtained via Medline, Pubmed and EMBASE, from inception until February 2014.