Structural Engineering of Carbon Host Derived from Organic Pigment toward Physicochemically Confinement and Efficient Conversion of Polysulfide for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-Sulfur Batteries (LSBs) have attracted significant attention as promising next-generation energy storage systems. However, the commercial viability of LSBs have been hindered due to lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle effect, resulting in poor cycling stability and low sulfur utilization. To address this issue, herein, the study prepares a sulfur host consisting of micro/mesopore-enriched activated carbonaceous materials with ultrahigh surface area using organic pigment via facile one-step activation.

Rational Design of Naphthol Groups Functionalized Bipolar Polymer Cathodes for High Performance Alkali-Ion Batteries.

Redox-active organic compounds gather significant attention for their potential application as electrodes in alkali ion batteries, owing to the structural versatility, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. However, their practical applications of such compounds are impeded by insufficient active sites with limited capacity, dissolution in electrolytes, and sluggish kinetics. To address these issues, a naphthol group-containing triarylamine polymer, namely poly[6,6'-(phenylazanediyl)bis(naphthol)] (poly(DNap-OH)) is rationally designed and synthesized, via oxidative coupling polymerization.

Pyrolyzed Organic Pigment as Efficient Surface-Dominated Alkali-Ion Storage Anodes.

Carbonaceous materials have attracted as prospective anodes for rechargeable alkali-ion batteries. In this study, C.I.

Synthesis of Arylene Ether-Type Hyperbranched Poly(triphenylamine) for Lithium Battery Cathodes.

We synthesized a new poly(triphenylamine), having a hyperbranched structure, and employed it in lithium-ion batteries as an organic cathode material. Two types of monomers were prepared with hydroxyl groups and nitro leaving groups, activated by a trifluoromethyl substituent, and then polymerized via the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The reactivity of the monomers differed depending on the number of hydroxyl groups and the AB type monomer with one hydroxyl group successfully produced poly(triphenylamine).

Organic Dye-Derived N, S Co-Doped Porous Carbon Hosts for Effective Lithium Polysulfide Confinement in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered as attractive candidates for next-generation energy storage systems originating from their high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, the severe shuttling of behavior caused by the dissolution of lithium polysulfide intermediates during cycling remains a challenge for practical applications. Herein, porous carbon materials co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur atoms were prepared through a facile hydrothermal reaction of graphene oxide and methylene blue to obtain a suitable host structure for regulating the lithium polysulfide shuttling behavior.

Fluctuation-dissipation-type theorem in stochastic linear learning.

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is a simple yet powerful consequence of the first-order differential equation governing the dynamics of systems subject simultaneously to dissipative and stochastic forces. The linear learning dynamics, in which the input vector maps to the output vector by a linear matrix whose elements are the subject of learning, has a stochastic version closely mimicking the Langevin dynamics when a full-batch gradient descent scheme is replaced by that of a stochastic gradient descent. We derive a generalized FDT for the stochastic linear learning dynamics and verify its validity among the well-known machine learning data sets such as MNIST, CIFAR-10, and EMNIST.

Performance estimation of lead-free dual-layered shielding in dismantling of steam generator: A Monte-Carlo simulation study.

The Kori-1 nuclear power plant has been permanently shut down since 2017, and its major structures, systems, and components are currently planned to be dismantled according to the final decommissioning plan. To protect dismantling workers from external radiation exposure dose during decommissioning, we propose a dose reduction method involving dual-layered Pb-free shielding. Based on the Monte Carlo method, the performance of the abovementioned method and various types of materials are optimized and estimated in terms of the equivalent dose rate and radiation shielding rate.

Performance evaluation of a Compton SPECT imager for determining the position and distribution of Ac in targeted alpha therapy: A Monte Carlo simulation based phantom study.

In this study, the performance of a Compton Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imager when in vivo monitoring the position and distribution of Ac radionuclide in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) was evaluated. When Ac radionuclide, which emits various γ-rays (218 and 440 keV), is used in TAT, both the photoelectric and Compton scattering events can be used for image reconstruction. Moreover, all information pertaining to the various γ-rays of the Ac radionuclide can be individually or simultaneously utilized in the reconstructed image.

Performance of a virtual frisch-grid CdZnTe detector for prompt γ-ray induced by 14 MeV neutrons: Monte Carlo simulation study.

The performance of a virtual (6 × 6 × 15 mm) Frisch-grid cadmium zinc telluride detector for the detection of contraband with 14 MeV neutron-activation prompt γ-rays was studied using Monte Carlo simulations. A sensitive nonlinear iterative peak clipping algorithm was applied to the spectra to rapidly and easily identify the prompt γ-ray peaks. This algorithm showed better performance than directly using the original spectra.

A cubic gamma camera with an active collimator.

Mechanical collimation with photon absorption and electronic collimation using Compton scattering are combined to form a cubic gamma camera with an active collimator. The collimator is made active by constructing it with a uniformly redundant array of patterned Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) scintillators, which not only attenuates incident radiations but also detects scattered radiation, in a gamma-camera consisting of and five planar CsI(Na) scintillators. The entire module forms a cubic structure that generates images on the basis of radiation interactions from every direction.

Effect of coupled graphene oxide on the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance detection.

We investigated graphene-oxide-(GO-) coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection sensitivity for sandwiched antigen-antibody interaction between human and antihuman immunoglobulin G molecules. GO was prepared in a Langmuir-Blodgett solution on gold and dielectric surfaces. Theoretical and experimental data suggest that an increased dielectric spacer thickness reduces resonance shifts for GO-coupled SPR detection as dielectric properties of GO appear to prevail.

Evaluation of dual γ-ray imager with active collimator using various types of scintillators.

The performance of a specialized dual γ-ray imager using both mechanical and electronic collimation was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation (MCNP5). The dual imager consisted of an active collimator and a planar detector that were made from scintillators. The active collimator served not only as a coded aperture for mechanical collimation but also as a first detector for electronic collimation.