Trabecular structural difference between the superior and inferior regions of the vertebral body: a cadaveric and clinical study.

Background: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures commonly involve the superior vertebral body; however, their associated causes have not yet been clearly established. This study aimed to determine the trabecular structural differences between the superior and inferior regions of the vertebral body using cadaveric and clinical studies.

Materials And Methods: First, five vertebrae were collected from three human cadavers.

Effects of a small molecule R-spondin-1 substitute RS-246204 on a mouse intestinal organoid culture.

Organoids, a multi-cellular and organ-like structure cultured , can be used in a variety of fields such as disease modeling, drug discovery, or cell therapy development. When organoids derived from Lgr5 stem cells are cultured , recombinant R-spondin-1 protein should be added at a high concentration for the initiation and maintenance of the organoids. Because the addition of large amounts of R-spondin-1 greatly increases the cost of organoids, the organoids grown with R-spondin-1 are not practical for large-scale drug screening and for the development of therapeutic agents.

Therapeutic effect of BDNF-overexpressing human neural stem cells (HB1.F3.BDNF) in a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Ischemic stroke mainly caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) represents the major type of stroke; however, there are still very limited therapeutic options for the stroke-damaged patients. In this study, we evaluated the neurogenic and therapeutic potentials of human neural stem cells (NSCs) overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (HB1.F3.

Surface mapping of motor points in biceps brachii muscle.

Objective: To localize the site of motor points within human biceps brachii muscles through surface mapping using electrophysiological method.

Method: We recorded the compound muscle action potentials of each lattice of the biceps brachii in 40 healthy subjects. Standardized reference lines were made as the following: 1) a horizontal reference line (elbow crease) and 2) a vertical reference line connecting coracoid process and mid-point of the horizontal reference line.

In vivo Tracking of Human Neural Stem Cells Following Transplantation into a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Objectives: Ischemic stroke caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) is the major type of stroke, but there are currently very limited options for cure. It has been shown that neural stem cells (NSCs) or neural precursor cells (NPCs) can survive and improve neurological deficits when they are engrafted in animal models of various neurological diseases. However, how the transplanted NSCs or NPCs are act in vivo in the injured or diseased brain is largely unknown.

Proteomic identification of RREB1, PDE6B, and CD209 up-regulated in primitive gut tube differentiated from human embryonic stem cells.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify proteins important for the primitive gut tube differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by derivation method for pancreatic cells.

Methods: Proteins with altered expression levels in the process of differentiating to primitive gut tube from definitive endoderm of hESCs were investigated by comparative proteomic analysis using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analyses.

Results: Differentiation to primitive gut tube from hESCs was analyzed using differentiation marker genes and proteins.

In vivo tracking of human mesenchymal stem cells in experimental stroke.

To understand the fates of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) following transplantation into a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques were employed, hMSCs were labeled with ferumoxides (Feridex)--protamine sulfate complexes, which were visualized and examined by MRI up to 10 weeks following transplantation. Migration of the transplanted cells to the infarcted area was further confirmed by histological methods. We found that the hMSCs transplanted in MCAo models possess the capacity to migrate to the infarcted area extensively in both ipsilateral and contralateral injections, exhibiting a pathotropism.

In Vivo Tracking of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Experimental Stroke.

To understand the fates of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) following transplantation into a rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques were employed. hMSCs were labeled with ferumoxides (Feridex®)-protamine sulfate complexes, which were visualized and examined by MRI up to 10 weeks following transplantation. Migration of the transplanted cells to the infarcted area was further confirmed by histological methods.

Human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor transplants attenuate apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in rats with unilateral quinolinic acid lesions.

To test the efficacy of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural precursors in an experimental model of Huntington's disease (HD), we differentiated hESC into nestin-positive neural precursors by co-culturing with PA6 stromal cells, and subsequently transplanted them into the striatum of quinolinic acid (QA)-induced HD model. The transplanted animals exhibited a behavioral recovery in the apomorphine-induced rotation test for 3 weeks after transplantation. The transplanted hESC-derived neural precursors were found in both cortex and striatum.

Morphometry of the nasal bones and piriform apertures in Koreans.

In order to understand the morphological characteristics of Korean noses, the nasal bones and piriform apertures were measured and classified in the dried skulls of Korean adults. The shapes of the nasal bones were classified into five types (Type A-E). Among the types of the nasal bone, Type A, in which the nasomaxillary sutures initially descended vertically and then obliquely, was present in 43.

Morphometrical changes of the human uterine tubes according to aging and menstrual cycle.

Studies on the morphological changes in the human uterine tube according to aging and menstrual cycle so far have been limited to microscopic aspects such as cellular changes, mainly due to the inaccessibility of specimens. In this study, postmortem analysis using both macroscopic and microscopic methods was performed using 55 human uterine tubes. The numbers and the degrees of convolution, and the length of the uterine tube had a tendency to decrease according to the increase of age in women by fifties.

Morphometry of nasal bases and nostrils in Koreans.

To investigate morphological characteristics of Korean noses, nasal bases and nostrils were measured and classified in Korean adults. The height and the width of the nasal base, the height and the width of the columella, the length of the long and short nostril axes, and nasal alar angle were measured. The shapes of the nostrils were classified into 7 types by the angle between the right and left long axes of the nostrils.