Effectiveness of Early Thiopurine Use in Korean Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort (MOSAIK) Study.

Background: Thiopurines play an important role in the management of steroid-refractory and steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. However, the effectiveness of the early use of thiopurines in ulcerative colitis remains controversial.

Materials And Methods: In this multicenter prospective cohort (MOSAIK) study, we divided patients with ulcerative colitis into those who underwent early (within 6 mo of diagnosis) and late (6 mo after diagnosis) thiopurine therapy to determine the effectiveness of early thiopurine treatment.

Efficacy of Second-Line Biological Therapies in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis Patients with Prior Failure of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy: A Multi-Center Study.

Background: Few studies have compared the efficacy and safety of second-line biological therapies in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with prior exposure to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. We aim to compare the efficacy and safety between ustekinumab, vedolizumab, and tofacitinib, a current option as second-line biological therapy with different mechanisms in those patients.

Methods: This retrospective multi-center study was conducted across five institutions from 2011 to 2022.

A Machine Learning-Based Diagnostic Model for Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Utilizing Fecal Microbiome Analysis.

Recent research has demonstrated the potential of fecal microbiome analysis using machine learning (ML) in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study employed the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) ML technique to develop a robust prediction model for distinguishing among CD, UC, and healthy controls (HCs) based on fecal microbiome data. Using data from multicenter cohorts, we conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples from patients with CD ( = 671) and UC ( = 114) while forming an HC cohort of 1462 individuals from the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Healthcare Screening Center.

Incidence of invasive fungal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease patients: A nationwide study in South Korea.

Background: Limited reports exist regarding invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the incidence and risk factors of IFDs, specifically invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis and pneumocystosis, in IBD patients in South Korea using nationwide data.

Patients/methods: A population-based retrospective cohort of 42,913 IBD patients between January 2010 and December 2018 was evaluated using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database.

Usage trends of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection according to hospital types based on nationwide claims data.

Although the use of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal lesions has increased, there is a lack of analysis of the recent usage trends of ESD. Thus, this study aimed to identify changes in the annual utilization of ESD and determine the proportion of surgeries after ESD according to hospital types. Using Health Insurance Review and Assessment data from 2012 to 2019, 26,502 colorectal ESD cases were analyzed to assess the annual usage trends of ESD according to hospital type, additional early and late surgeries after ESD, changes in the distribution of colorectal lesions, and factors associated with early and late surgery.

Enrichment of Activated Fibroblasts as a Potential Biomarker for a Non-Durable Response to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

We investigated whether the response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment varied according to inflammatory tissue characteristics in Crohn's disease (CD). Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data were obtained from inflamed and non-inflamed tissues from 170 patients with CD. The samples were clustered based on gene expression profiles using principal coordinate analysis (PCA).

Antifungal and Antiaflatoxigenic Activities of Massoia Essential Oil and C10 Massoia Lactone against Aflatoxin-Producing .

Fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination are major hazards to the safe storage and distribution of foods and feeds consumed by humans and livestock. This study investigated the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of massoia essential oil (MEO) and its major constituent, C10 massoia lactone (C10), against aflatoxin B (AFB)-producing ATCC 22546. Their antifungal activities were evaluated using a disc diffusion assay, agar dilution method, and a mycelial growth inhibition assay with the AFB analysis using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Randomised clinical trial: comparison of tegoprazan and lansoprazole as maintenance therapy for healed mild erosive oesophagitis.

Background: Tegoprazan is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker used to treat acid-related disorders.

Aim: To compare tegoprazan 25 mg with lansoprazole 15 mg as maintenance therapy in healed erosive oesophagitis (EE) METHODS: In this phase 3, double-blind, multi-centre study, patients with endoscopically confirmed healed EE were randomised 1:1 to receive tegoprazan 25 mg or lansoprazole 15 mg once daily for up to 24 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the endoscopic remission rate after 24 weeks.

TiO treatment using ultrasonication for bubble cavitation generation and efficiency assessment of a dye-sensitized solar cell.

In this study, the impacts of different ultrasonic treatments on TiO particles were determined and they were used to manufacture the photoelectrodes of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Two methods were used to prepare TiO particles directly sonicated by an ultrasonic horn, and TiO treated indirectly by an ultrasonic cleaner. TEM, XPS analysis was confirmed that cavitation bubbles generated during ultrasonication resulted in defects on the surface of TiO particles, and the defect induced surface activation.

Geometry-Aware Deep Video Deblurring via Recurrent Feature Refinement.

Blurring in videos is a frequent phenomenon in real-world video data owing to camera shake or object movement at different scene depths. Hence, video deblurring is an ill-posed problem that requires understanding of geometric and temporal information. Traditional model-based optimization methods first define a degradation model and then solve an optimization problem to recover the latent frames with a variational model for additional external information, such as optical flow, segmentation, depth, or camera movement.

Development of a Machine Learning Model to Distinguish between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease Using RNA Sequencing Data.

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) can be difficult to differentiate. As differential diagnosis is important in establishing a long-term treatment plan for patients, we aimed to develop a machine learning model for the differential diagnosis of the two diseases using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from endoscopic biopsy tissue from patients with inflammatory bowel disease ( = 127; CD, 94; UC, 33). Biopsy samples were taken from inflammatory lesions or normal tissues.

Enhanced Standard Compatible Image Compression Framework Based on Auxiliary Codec Networks.

Recent deep neural network-based research to enhance image compression performance can be divided into three categories: learnable codecs, postprocessing networks, and compact representation networks. The learnable codec has been designed for end-to-end learning beyond the conventional compression modules. The postprocessing network increases the quality of decoded images using example-based learning.

Traditional Chinese medicine for gait disturbance in adrenoleukodystrophy: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is caused by a deficit in the gene, which leads to demyelination of neurons and dysfunction of the adrenal cortices and testicles. Of the three known phenotypes, 30%-50% of male ALD patients present with the adrenomyeloneuropathy phenotype, characterized by gait disturbance as the initial symptom.

Case Summary: A 46-year-old man with a prior diagnosis of ALD was admitted to a Korean medicine hospital for the treatment of gait disturbance.

Quality of Life in Newly Diagnosed Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Changes in the MOSAIK Cohort Over 1 Year.

Background/aims: Improving quality of life has been gaining importance in ulcerative colitis (UC) management. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQL) and related factors in patients with moderate-to-severe UC.

Methods: A multicenter, hospital-based, prospective study was performed using a Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis Cohort in Korea (the MOSAIK).

Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Melanogenic Gedunin Derived from Neem Tree () Using B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells and Early-Stage Zebrafish.

Melanogenesis represents a series of processes that produce melanin, a protective skin pigment (against ultraviolet rays), and determines human skin color. Chemicals reducing melanin production have always been in demand in the cosmetic market because of skincare interests, such as whitening. The main mechanism for inhibiting melanin production is the inhibition of tyrosinase (TYR), a key enzyme for melanogenesis.

Correction: Hydrogen production by electrochemical reaction using ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D0RA10187G.].

Hydrogen production by electrochemical reaction using ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid.

In this study, ethylene glycol (EG) and terephthalic acid (TPA) were used to generate hydrogen using copper electrodes in an alkaline aqueous solution and the corresponding reaction mechanism was experimentally investigated. Both EG and TPA produced hydrogen; however, TPA consumed OH, inhibiting the production of intermediary compounds of EG and causing EG to actively react with HO, ultimately leading to enhanced hydrogen production. In addition, the initiation potential of water decomposition of the EG and TPA alkaline aqueous solution was 1.

Differentially Abundant Bacterial Taxa Associated with Prognostic Variables of Crohn's Disease: Results from the IMPACT Study.

Limited studies have examined the intestinal microbiota composition in relation to Crohn's disease (CD) prognosis. We analyzed the differences in microbial communities and relevant metabolic pathways associated with prognostic variables in patients with CD. We applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze a cohort of 1110 CD and healthy control (HC) fecal samples.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the DNA Methylation Profile Identifies the Fragile Histidine Triad () Gene as a New Promising Biomarker of Crohn's Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease is known to be associated with a genetic predisposition involving multiple genes; however, there is growing evidence that abnormal interactions with environmental factors, particularly epigenetic factors, can also significantly contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although many genome-wide association studies have been performed to identify the genetic changes underlying the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, the role of epigenetic alterations based on molecular complications arising from Crohn's disease (CD) is poorly understood. We employed an unbiased approach to define DNA methylation alterations in colonoscopy samples from patients with CD using the HumanMethylation450K BeadChip platform.

Wi-Fi Backscatter System With Tag Sensors Using Multi-Antennas for Increased Data Rate and Reliability.

In this paper, we propose tag sensor using multi-antennas in a Wi-Fi backscatter system, which results in an improved data rate or reliability of the signal transmitted from a tag sensor to a reader. The existing power level modulation method, which is proposed to improve data rate in a Wi-Fi backscatter system, has low reliability due to the reduced distance between symbols. To address this problem, we propose a Wi-Fi backscatter system that obtains channel diversity by applying multiple antennas.

Hypermethylated promoters of tumor suppressor genes were identified in Crohn's disease patients.

Background/aims: Overwhelming evidence suggests that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by a complicated interplay between the multiple genes and abnormal epigenetic regulation in response to environmental factors. It is becoming apparent that epigenetic factors are significantly associated with the development of the disease. DNA methylation remains the most studied epigenetic modification, and hypermethylation of gene promoters is associated with gene silencing.