Clinical effects of amyloid positivity upon positron emission tomography in an Asian cohort with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias.

Background: Ethnic differences in amyloid‐β (Aβ) characteristics and cognitive trajectories should be considered, when designing Aβ‐targeted therapies. The clinical effects of co‐pathologies of Aβ have not been evaluated extensively across various dementias. We investigated the prevalence of Aβ+ and cognitive trajectories in Koreans and non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs) with Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome (ACS) and the clinical effects of Aβ+ in other dementias.

Treatment with soybean lecithin-derived α-GPC (SHCog™) improves scopolamine-induced cognitive declines in mice via regulating cholinergic neurotransmission and enhancing neural plasticity in the hippocampus.

Mild cognitive impairment is a diagnostic category marked by declines in memory and cognitive function that are less severe than those observed in Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with mild cognitive impairment have an elevated risk of progressing to Alzheimer's disease. The hippocampus is well known to play pivotal roles in memory and cognitive functions.

Nonpharmacological Interventions for Managing Symptom Clusters in Adults: A Systematic Review.

: The complex effects of multiple co-occurring symptoms are a major cause of reduced quality of life; thus, it is necessary to identify symptom clusters experienced by patients and explore interventions. This study aimed to provide an overview of non-pharmacological interventions based on symptom clusters in adults to identify effective intervention strategies and methods. .

Porphyran Attenuates Neuronal Loss in the Hippocampal CA1 Subregion Induced by Ischemia and Reperfusion in Gerbils by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation.

Porphyran, a sulfated polysaccharide found in various species of marine red algae, has been demonstrated to exhibit diverse bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the protective effects of porphyran against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the neuroprotective effects of porphyran against brain IR injury and its underlying mechanisms using a gerbil model of transient forebrain ischemia (IR in the forebrain), which results in pyramidal cell (principal neuron) loss in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subregion of the hippocampus on day 4 after IR.

Neuroprotective Effects of Aucubin against Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia Injury through the Inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB Inflammatory Signaling Pathway in Gerbils.

Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside, possesses beneficial bioactivities in many diseases, but little is known about its neuroprotective effects and mechanisms in brain ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. This study evaluated whether aucubin exhibited neuroprotective effects against IR injury in the hippocampal CA1 region through anti-inflammatory activity in gerbils. Aucubin (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once a day for one week prior to IR.

Increased Risk of Dementia after Transient Global Amnesia: A Nationwide Population-Based, Longitudinal Follow-Up Study in South Korea.

Introduction: The long-term cognitive outcomes after transient global amnesia (TGA) have been contradictory in the literature. Our study aimed to longitudinally investigate the association between TGA and incident dementia using long-term data from a nationwide population-based cohort in South Korea.

Methods: The study population was recruited between 2002 and 2020 using the International Classification of Diseases (Tenth Revision; ICD-10) codes from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.

Erratum: Correction of Text, Table 1, and Table 3 in the Article "Diagnostic Performance of a Tablet Computer-Based Cognitive Screening Test for Identification of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment".

This corrects the article on p. e131 in vol. 38, PMID: 37128875.

Vertebral artery foraminal segment doppler sonography to detect vertebral and basilar artery stenosis or occlusion.

Background And Purpose: The diagnostic value of vertebral artery foraminal segment (V2) ultrasonography remains unclear. This study aimed to estimate the predictive value of V2 Doppler imaging for the detection of vertebrobasilar stenosis or occlusion.

Methods: Three hundred sixty-four vertebral arteries from 182 patients were investigated.

Aucubin Exerts Neuroprotection against Forebrain Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Gerbils through Antioxidative and Neurotrophic Effects.

Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside that displays various pharmacological actions including antioxidant activity. However, there are few reports available on the neuroprotective effects of aucubin against ischemic brain injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether aucubin protected against damage to hippocampal function induced by forebrain ischemia-reperfusion injury (fIRI) in gerbils, and to examine whether aucubin produced neuroprotection in the hippocampus against fIRI and to explore its mechanisms by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and Western analysis.

Association of Hearing Loss With Anatomical and Functional Connectivity in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Importance: Hearing loss is the most important modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment; however, the association of hearing loss with anatomical and functional connectivity is not fully understood. This association may be elucidated by evaluating the findings of newer imaging technologies.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of hearing loss with anatomical and functional connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by using multimodal imaging technology.

Diagnostic Performance of a Tablet Computer-Based Cognitive Screening Test for Identification of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Early and appropriate diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is clinically important because aMCI is considered the prodromal stage of dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD). aMCI is assessed using the comprehensive neuropsychological (NP) battery, but it is rater-dependent and does not provide quick results. Thus, we investigated the performance of the computerized cognitive screening test (Inbrain Cognitive Screening Test; Inbrain CST) in the diagnosis of aMCI and compared its performance to that of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) test (CERAD-K), a comprehensive and pencil-and-paper NP test.

Standardized L. Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis and Promotes Thermogenesis via Reducing Oxidative Stress.

Obesity produces many health problems, including systemic oxidative stress. This study comprehensively investigated the effects of L. extract (SO) as an antioxidant on abnormal lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice ( = 48).

Functional and anatomical alterations in bilateral vestibulopathy: A multimodal neuroimaging study and clinical correlation.

Object: To study multimodal neuroimaging study including resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), anatomical connectivity and brain morphology in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) and relationship with clinical correlation.

Methods: Thirteen patients with BVP (7 women; mean age ± SD = 63.5 ± 14.

Therapeutic Treatment with Pycnogenol Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury in Gerbils Focusing on Cognitive Impairment, Neuronal Death, BBB Leakage and Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus.

Background: A gerbil model of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury in the forebrain has been developed for studies on mechanisms, prevention and therapeutic strategies of IR injury in the forebrain. Pycnogenol® (PYC), a standardized extract of French maritime pine tree ( Aiton) has been exploited as an additive for dietary supplement. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of post-treatment with PYC and its therapeutic mechanisms in gerbils.

Risperidone Administration Attenuates Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury following Cardiac Arrest by Antiinflammatory Effects in Rats.

Multi-organ dysfunction following cardiac arrest is associated with poor outcome as well as high mortality. The kidney, one of major organs in the body, is susceptible to ischemia and reperfusion; however, there are few studies on renal ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) following the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has been discovered to have some beneficial effects beyond its original effectiveness.

Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Attenuates Hindlimb Paralysis and Damage of Spinal Motor Neurons and Astrocytes through Modulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Rats.

Cardiac arrest (CA) and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), a global ischemia and reperfusion event, lead to neuronal damage and/or death in the spinal cord as well as the brain. Hypothermic therapy is reported to protect neurons from damage and improve hindlimb paralysis after resuscitation in a rat model of CA induced by asphyxia. In this study, we investigated roles of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the lumbar spinal cord protected by therapeutic hypothermia in a rat model of asphyxial CA.

Brain Factor-7® Improves Cognitive Impairment Following Transient Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Gerbil Forebrain through Promoting Remyelination and Restoring Cholinergic and Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Hippocampus.

Background: Ischemia and reperfusion injury in the brain triggers cognitive impairment which are accompanied by neuronal death, loss of myelin sheath and decline in neurotransmission. In this study, we investigated whether therapeutic administration of Brain Factor-7® (BF-7®; a silk peptide) in ischemic gerbils which were developed by transient (five minutes) ischemia and reperfusion in the forebrain (tFI/R) improved cognitive impairment.

Methods: Short-term memory and spatial memory functions were assessed by passive avoidance test and Barnes maze test, respectively.

Therapeutic Administration of Oxcarbazepine Saves Cerebellar Purkinje Cells from Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Induced by Cardiac Arrest through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress.

Research reports using animal models of ischemic insults have demonstrated that oxcarbazepine (a carbamazepine analog: one of the anticonvulsant compounds) extends neuroprotective effects against cerebral or forebrain injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion. However, research on protective effects against ischemia and reperfusion cerebellar injury induced by cardiac arrest (CA) and the return of spontaneous circulation has been poor. Rats were assigned to four groups as follows: (Groups 1 and 2) sham asphyxial CA and vehicle- or oxcarbazepine-treated, and (Groups 3 and 4) CA and vehicle- or oxcarbazepine-treated.

Anti-stress effects of Fameyes in in vitro and in vivo models of stresses.

Background: Fameyes (a mixture of Clematis mandshurica Rupr. extract (CMRE) and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.

Protective Effects of Topical Administration of Laminarin in Oxazolone-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions.

Laminarin is a polysaccharide isolated from brown marine algae and has a wide range of bioactivities, including immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of laminarin on atopic dermatitis have not been demonstrated. This study investigated the potential effects of topical administration of laminarin using a Balb/c mouse model of oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.

Effects of Brain Factor‑7® against motor deficit and oxidative stress in a mouse model of MPTP‑induced Parkinson's disease.

Oxidative stress is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) through degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. The present study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential of Brain Factor-7 (BF-7), a natural compound in silkworm, in a mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into mice to cause symptoms of PD.

and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of TEES-10, a Mixture of Ethanol Extracts of Matsum. & Koidz. and L. Sprout, on Gingivitis and Periodontitis.

Gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory disorders caused by dental plaque and calculus. These disorders often lead to tooth loss if not treated properly. Although antibiotics can be used, it is hard to treat them due to the difficulty in supplying effective doses of antibiotics to lesion areas and side effects associated with long-term use of antibiotics.