CT imaging analysis differentiating papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity from papillary renal cell carcinoma: combined with a radiomics model.

Purpose: To assess the computed tomography (CT) findings of papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP) and develop a radiomics-based model to distinguish PRNRPs from papillary renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 31 PRNRPs and 68 PRCCs using preoperative kidney CT. We evaluated CT features that could discriminate PRNRPs from PRCCs.

[Renal Biopsy].

The extent of renal biopsy indication is being widened because of the increasing incidence of incidental renal masses; the increasing treatment options for renal cell carcinoma, including ablation therapy and novel targeted treatment; and the increasing incidence of kidney transplantation. However, percutaneous renal biopsy is technically difficult, particularly for beginners, because the skin-to-organ distance is relatively longer than those associated with other organs. In the present review, we will discuss the indications, technical considerations, efficacy, and complications of renal biopsy.

Prediction of acute rejection in renal allografts using shear-wave dispersion slope.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of shear-wave dispersion slope for predicting renal allograft dysfunction.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 128 kidney transplant recipients (median age, 55 years [interquartile range, 43-62 years]; male, 68) who underwent biopsy for allograft evaluation from November 2022 to February 2023. Cortex and renal sinus fat stiffness and shear-wave dispersion slope were obtained at shear-wave elastography (SWE).

Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Women with Endometrial Cancer: Dynamic Versus Single-Phase Acquisitions.

Background: The 2019 European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) guidelines for endometrial cancer recommend performing either dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE MRI) or single-phase CE MRI. However, no study has directly compared these options. Therefore, this study compared dynamic versus single-phase CE MRI for the evaluation of myometrial invasion in women with endometrial cancer.

Mitochondrial matrix RTN4IP1/OPA10 is an oxidoreductase for coenzyme Q synthesis.

Targeting proximity-labeling enzymes to specific cellular locations is a viable strategy for profiling subcellular proteomes. Here, we generated transgenic mice (MAX-Tg) expressing a mitochondrial matrix-targeted ascorbate peroxidase. Comparative analysis of matrix proteomes from the muscle tissues showed differential enrichment of mitochondrial proteins.

MR imaging findings of ovarian lymphoma: differentiation from other solid ovarian tumors.

Purpose: To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for distinguishing ovarian lymphomas from other solid ovarian tumors.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 14 women (median age, 46.5 years; range, 26-81 years) with surgically proven ovarian lymphoma and 28 women with solid ovarian tumors other than lymphoma.

Tumor contact length with bladder wall provides effective risk stratification for lesions with a VIRADS score of 2-3.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the tumor contact length (TCL) in the prediction of MIBC (muscle-invasive bladder cancer) in lesions corresponding to the vesical imaging-reporting and data system (VIRADS) score 2-3.

Methods: This is a single institution, retrospective study targeting 191 consecutive patients assigned of VIRADS score 2-3, who had pre-transurethral resection MRI from July 2019 to September 2021. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine meaningful predictors of MIBC for this score group, and a nomogram was plotted with those variables.

Diagnostic performance of MRI for prediction of recurrent prostate cancer after high-intensity focused ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This article aims to evaluate the pooled diagnostic performance control MRI for prediction of recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).

Materials And Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases up to December 31, 2021, were searched. We included studies providing 2×2 contingency table for diagnostic performance of MRI in predicting recurrent PCa after HIFU, using control biopsy as reference standard.

Accuracy of actual stage prediction using Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) before radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma in SUPER-UC-Cx.

Background: Previous studies using the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) to predict muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) had some limitations. Most studies were performed with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) specimens with few samples. This study was conducted to address these shortcomings and confirm the accuracy of VI-RADS for bladder cancer.

Fasudil alleviates the vascular endothelial dysfunction and several phenotypes of Fabry disease.

Fabry disease (FD), a lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by defective α-galactosidase (GLA) activity, which results in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in endothelial cells and leads to life-threatening complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), renal failure, and stroke. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) results in Gb3 clearance; however, because of a short half-life in the body and the high immunogenicity of FD patients, ERT has a limited therapeutic effect, particularly in patients with late-onset disease or progressive complications. Because vascular endothelial cells (VECs) derived from FD-induced pluripotent stem cells display increased thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) expression and enhanced SMAD2 signaling, we screened for chemical compounds that could downregulate TSP1 and SMAD2 signaling.

Fully automatic volume measurement of the adrenal gland on CT using deep learning to classify adrenal hyperplasia.

Objectives: To develop a fully automated deep learning model for adrenal segmentation and to evaluate its performance in classifying adrenal hyperplasia.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated automated adrenal segmentation in 308 abdominal CT scans from 48 patients with adrenal hyperplasia and 260 patients with normal glands from 2010 to 2021 (mean age, 42 years; 156 women). The dataset was split into training, validation, and test sets at a ratio of 6:2:2.

CT-based preoperative risk assessment of prolonged urine leak in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate risk factors of prolonged urine leak following partial nephrectomy (PN) to identify objective imaging characteristics on preoperative CT.

Methods: A total of 865 patients who underwent PN and had preoperative CT and postoperative imaging were included. We set a twofold size-matched control group without urine leak, with all tumors located ≤ 4 mm to the collecting system to identify imaging parameters that increase the risk of urine leak other than tumor size and location.

Prediction of treatment response following ethanol sclerotherapy of renal cysts by computed tomography.

Objectives: To investigate predictive factors of treatment response following ethanol sclerotherapy of large renal cysts via computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Retrospective study reviewed 71 patients (61.0 ± 13.

Differentiating renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma from clear cell carcinoma: using a radiomics model combined with CT imaging characteristics.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the computed tomography (CT) findings of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) and develop a radiomics-based model for differentiating EAMLs and clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs).

Method: This two-center retrospective study included 28 histologically confirmed EAMLs and 56 size-matched clear cell RCCs with preoperative three-phase kidney CTs. We conducted subjective image analysis to determine the CT parameters that can distinguish EAMLs from clear cell RCCs.

Diagnostic value of multiparametric MRI in detecting residual or recurrent prostate cancer after high-intensity focused ultrasound.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of follow-up multiparametric MRI for prediction of recurrent prostate cancer after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and to find other, if any, clinical or radiological predictors.

Materials And Methods: Post-HIFU MRIs of 110 consecutive patients who underwent follow-up biopsies between August 2019 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and the likelihood of recurrence was assessed on a five-point Likert scale by two board-certified uroradiologists. Diagnostic performance of the Likert scale assigned to the post-HIFU MRI was assessed using the follow-up biopsy results as a reference standard.

Impact of no residual disease on postoperative computed tomography on survival in patients with optimally debulked advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer during upfront surgery.

Objective: We sought to investigate the impact of size of residual tumors as determined by postoperative computed tomography (CT) on survival of patients with advanced, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) who achieved residual disease less than 1 cm after primary debulking surgery (PDS).

Methods: We collected data of patients with stage III HGSC who had residual tumor less than 1 cm after PDS between 2013 and 2018. Surgeon-assessed residual disease during surgery was defined as sR0 (no gross residual) or sR1 (gross residual <1 cm), and radiologist-assessed residual disease on postoperative CT was defined as rR0 (no evidence of disease) or rRany (existing residual disease).

Adrenal Morphology as an Indicator of Long-Term Disease Control in Adults with Classic 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.

Background: Monitoring adults with classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is challenging due to variation in clinical and laboratory settings. Moreover, guidelines for adrenal imaging in 21OHD are not yet available. We evaluated the relationship between adrenal morphology and disease control status in classical 21OHD.

Prognostic role of computed tomography-based, artificial intelligence-driven waist skeletal muscle volume in uterine endometrial carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of computed tomography (CT)-based, artificial intelligence-driven waist skeletal muscle volume on survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively identified endometrial cancer patients who received primary surgical treatment between 2014 and 2018 and whose pre-treatment CT scans were available (n = 385). Using an artificial intelligence-based tool, the skeletal muscle area (cm) at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) and the skeletal muscle volume (cm) at the waist level were measured.

Impact of Computed Tomography-Based, Artificial Intelligence-Driven Volumetric Sarcopenia on Survival Outcomes in Early Cervical Cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sarcopenia and body composition change during primary treatment on survival outcomes in patients with early cervical cancer. We retrospectively identified patients diagnosed with 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer who underwent primary radical hysterectomy between 2007 and 2019. From pre-treatment CT scans (n = 306), the skeletal muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) and the waist skeletal muscle volume were measured using an artificial intelligence-based tool.

Prognostic implications of body composition change during primary treatment in patients with ovarian cancer: A retrospective study using an artificial intelligence-based volumetric technique.

Objective: To investigate the impact of changes in body composition during primary treatment on survival outcomes in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods: We retrospectively identified patients diagnosed with EOC between 2010 and 2019. Using an artificial intelligence-based tool, the volumes of skeletal muscle, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat were measured automatically at the waist level from pre-treatment and post-treatment computed tomography scans.

Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of volumetric iodine quantification using preoperative dual-energy computed tomography.

Background: To investigate the potential value of volumetric iodine quantification using preoperative dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with single HCC treated through surgical resection who underwent preoperative DECT. Quantitative DECT features, including normalized iodine concentration (NIC) to the aorta and mixed-energy CT attenuation value in the arterial phase, were three-dimensionally measured for peritumoral and intratumoral regions: (i) layer-by-layer analysis for peritumoral layers (outer layers 1 and 2; numbered in close order from the tumor boundary) and intratumoral layers (inner layers 1 and 2) with 2-mm layer thickness and (ii) volume of interest (VOI)-based analysis with different volume coverage (tumor itself; VOI, tumor plus outer layer 1; VOI, tumor plus outer layers 1 and 2; VOI, tumor minus inner layer 1; VOI, tumor minus inner layers 1 and 2).

Utilization of virtual low-keV monoenergetic images generated using dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography for the assessment of peritoneal seeding from ovarian cancer.

This study aimed to compare the quality of virtual low-keV monoenergetic images vs conventional images reconstructed from dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) for the detection of peritoneal implants of ovarian cancer.Fifty ovarian cancer patients who underwent abdominopelvic SDCT scans were included in this retrospective study. Virtual monoenergetic images at 40 (VMI40) and 50 keV (VMI50), and two conventional images were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative model reconstruction (IMR) protocols.

Impact of CT-Determined Sarcopenia and Body Composition on Survival Outcome in Patients with Advanced-Stage High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of sarcopenia and body composition on survival outcomes in Korean patients with advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). We retrospectively identified patients diagnosed with and treated for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III-IV HGSOC. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured using pre-treatment computed tomography scans at the third lumbar vertebra.