The future of targeted therapy in chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Chronic urticaria can be divided into 2 subsets: chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) with skin lesions occurring without a specific trigger and chronic inducible urticaria, which has an identified specific stimulus. The annual prevalence of chronic urticaria is 0.5% to 2.

Evidence-based management guidelines for noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents.

Noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that carries high socioeconomic and medical burdens and is caused by diverse respiratory illnesses. To improve clinical outcomes, early recognition, active treatment of exacerbations, and prevention of further exacerbations are essential. However, evidence for the treatment and prevention of acute exacerbation of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, especially in children, is lacking.

Therapeutic effectiveness of probiotics for atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analysis.

Background: The effect of probiotics in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) is inconclusive, partially due to the heterogeneities of AD.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of AD with a subgroup analysis according to country, severity of AD, duration of supplementation, and probiotic strain.

Methods: Original articles reporting the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics for AD were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, and Embase from inception to September 30, 2022.

Maternal Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Psychological Burden in Mothers of Korean Children With Anaphylaxis.

Purpose: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that is potentially life-threatening, but post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in the caregivers of children with anaphylaxis have not been evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the psychological burden on mothers of children with recent anaphylaxis.

Methods: A total of 188 children with recent anaphylaxis was recruited from 13 hospitals in Korea.

Acute Urticaria and Anaphylaxis: Differences and Similarities in Clinical Management.

Acute urticaria is a common condition that presents with wheals and/or angioedema. However, these symptoms are also frequent in anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that should be immediately diagnosed and treated. In both, mast cells play a central role in the physiopathology.

A partially hydrolyzed whey formula provides adequate nutrition in high-risk infants for allergy.

Background/objectives: Hydrolyzed formula is often fed to infants with gastrointestinal or immune issues, such as malabsorption or cow's milk allergy, because enzymatic treatment has rendered it more digestible and less allergenic than standard cow's milk formula (SF). Partially hydrolyzed formula (PHF) should be considered for those infants who are intolerant to extensively hydrolyzed formula. However, there are concerns about the nutritional insufficiencies of PHF.

Clinical Characteristics of Atopic Dermatitis in Korean School-Aged Children and Adolescents According to Onset Age and Severity.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous disease with different age of onset, disease course, clinical symptoms, severity, and risk of comorbidity. The characteristics of children with AD also vary by age or country. However, little is known about the clinical characteristics of AD in Korean school-aged children and adolescents.

Long-term macrolide treatment for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children: a meta-analysis.

Recurrent bacterial infection causes frequent bronchiectasis (BE) exacerbations. The effectiveness and safety of long-term administration of macrolides in BE remain controversial, especially in children who require minimal treatment to prevent exacerbation. We conducted this meta-analysis to determine the usefulness of long-term macrolide use in pediatric BE.

COVID-19 Vaccine-associated Anaphylaxis and Allergic Reactions: Consensus Statements of the KAAACI Urticaria/Angioedema/Anaphylaxis Working Group.

In the era of novel coronavirus epidemics, vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been recognized as the most effective public health interventions to control the pandemic. An adverse event following immunization (AEFI) is defined as any untoward occurrence following immunization, and the majority of AEFIs are caused by protective immune responses stimulated by vaccines. Most of the reported AEFIs are not serious, and many are not immunologically mediated or even reproducible on re-exposure.

A multicenter anaphylaxis registry in Korea: Clinical characteristics and acute treatment details from infants to older adults.

Background: Although the prevalence of anaphylaxis is increasing worldwide, the large-scale studies in Asia evaluating anaphylaxis in all age groups are limited. We aimed to collect more precise and standardized data on anaphylaxis in Korea using the first multicenter web-based registry.

Methods: Twenty-two departments from 16 hospitals participated from November 2016 to December 2018.

Diagnostic Models for Atopic Dermatitis Based on Serum Microbial Extracellular Vesicle Metagenomic Analysis: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: Associations between a wide variety of diseases and the microbiome have been extensively verified. Recently, there has been a rising interest in the role the microbiome plays in atopic dermatitis (AD). Furthermore, metagenomic analysis of microbe-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has revealed the importance and relevance of microbial EVs in human health.

Emerging Therapies in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by typically short-lived and fleeting wheals, angioedema or both, which occur spontaneously and persist for longer than 6 weeks. This term is applied to the most common subtype of chronic urticaria. The underlying pathophysiology for CSU involves mast cell and basophil degranulation with release of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators.

Infantile Anaphylaxis in Korea: a Multicenter Retrospective Case Study.

Background: Anaphylaxis is increasing in young children. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of anaphylaxis in Korean infants, with a focus on food triggers.

Methods: The study analyzed the medical records of infants aged 0 to 2 years old who had been diagnosed with anaphylaxis in 23 secondary or tertiary hospitals in Korea.

Clinical Characteristics of Oral Allergy Syndrome in Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Birch Sensitization: a Single Center Study.

Background: Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity that occurs frequently in older children with pollen sensitization. This study focused on the clinical characteristics of OAS in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and birch sensitization.

Method: s: A total of 186 patients aged 2-18 years with AD and birch sensitization were enrolled in this study between January 2016 and March 2017.

Lactobacillus plantarum-derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Staphylococcus aureus-derived Extracellular Vesicles.

Purpose: The microbial environment is an important factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, it was revealed that not only bacteria itself but also extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from bacteria affect the allergic inflammation process. However, almost all research carried out so far was related to local microorganisms, not the systemic microbial distribution.

A Metagenomic Analysis Provides a Culture-Independent Pathogen Detection for Atopic Dermatitis.

Purpose: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease, significantly affecting the quality of life. Using AD as a model system, we tested a successive identification of AD-associated microbes, followed by a culture-independent serum detection of the identified microbe.

Methods: A total of 43 genomic DNA preparations from washing fluid of the cubital fossa of 6 healthy controls, skin lesions of 27 AD patients, 10 of which later received treatment (post-treatment), were subjected to high-throughput pyrosequencing on a Roche 454 GS-FLX platform.

Age-Based Causes and Clinical Characteristics of Immediate-Type Food Allergy in Korean Children.

Purpose: Age-based causes and clinical characteristics of immediate-type food allergy (FA) have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, we investigated age-dependent clinical profiles of FA in Korean children through an extensive multicenter investigation.

Methods: Using a case report form developed by the authors, a retrospective medical record review was performed of patients (0-18 years old) diagnosed with immediate-type FA between September 2014 and August 2015 in 14 tertiary hospitals in Korea.

A novel gene mutation, c.82delC (p.Arg28 Alafs5), in a Korean family with X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a hereditary humoral immunodeficiency that results from Bruton's tyrosine kinase () gene mutations. These mutations cause defects in B-cell development, resulting in the virtual absence of these lymphocytes from the peripheral circulation. Consequently, this absence leads to a profound deficiency of lg all isotypes, and an increased susceptibility to encapsulated bacterial infections.

A Multicenter Retrospective Case Study of Anaphylaxis Triggers by Age in Korean Children.

Purpose: Although anaphylaxis is recognized as an important, life-threatening condition, data are limited regarding its triggers in different age groups. We aimed to identify anaphylaxis triggers by age in Korean children.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records for children diagnosed with anaphylaxis between 2009 and 2013 in 23 secondary or tertiary hospitals in South Korea.

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Study to Compare the Effectiveness of Montelukast on Atopic Dermatitis in Korean Children.

Purpose: Some studies report a role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and suggest a rationale for the use of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment effectiveness of montelukast in children with atopic dermatitis.

Methods: Fifty-four children between the ages of 2 and 6 years with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were enrolled.

An important role of α-hemolysin in extracellular vesicles on the development of atopic dermatitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus.

Skin barrier disruption and dermal inflammation are key phenotypes of atopic dermatitis (AD). Staphylococcus aureus secretes extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are involved in AD pathogenesis. Here, we evaluated the role of EVs-associated α-hemolysin derived from S.

Efficacy of Probiotic Therapy on Atopic Dermatitis in Children: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate a therapeutic efficacy of probiotics mixture (probiotics) in the treatment of children with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial with a washout period of 2 weeks and an intervention period for 6 weeks, conducted from November 2010 to October 2011. One hundred children with mild to moderate AD (2-9 years old) were randomly allocated to the probiotics (Lactobacilluss casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bifidobacterium lactis) or placebo groups.

Agreement between the skin prick test and specific serum IgE for egg white and cow's milk allergens in young infant with atopic dermatitis.

Background: The skin prick test (SPT) for detecting atopic sensitization is not preferred in young infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) because of concerns about poor skin reactivity. This study aimed to evaluate whether the results of SPT agreed well with those of specific serum immunoglobulin E (sIgE) antibody test in young infants with AD.

Methods: This study included 2,077 eligible infants (age, <12 months) with AD who were tested by either SPT or sIgE between 2007 and 2011.