Machine-Learning-Accelerated Surface Exploration of Reconstructed BiVO(010) and Characterization of Their Aqueous Interfaces.

Understanding the semiconductor-electrolyte interface in photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems is crucial for optimizing the stability and reactivity. Despite the challenges in establishing reliable surface structure models during PEC cycles, this study explores the complex surface reconstructions of BiVO(010) by employing a computational workflow integrated with a state-of-the-art active learning protocol for a machine-learning interatomic potential and global optimization techniques. Within this workflow, we identified 494 unique reconstructed surface structures that surpass conventional chemical intuition-driven, bulk-truncated models.

To believe or not to believe: leader's belief about emotion usefulness and its impact on team dynamics.

Background: This study aims to investigate the impact of a leader's beliefs in the usefulness of emotions on the emotional competence and relationship conflicts of their teams.

Methods: The data were collected through an online survey targeting leaders with at least three years of experience in managerial positions in South Korean workplaces, with a total of 326 participants. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted to classify leaders into latent groups based on their beliefs regarding the usefulness of positive and negative emotions.

Topological van der Waals Contact for Two-Dimensional Semiconductors.

The relentless miniaturization inherent in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology has created challenges at the interface of two-dimensional (2D) materials and metal electrodes. These challenges, predominantly stemming from metal-induced gap states (MIGS) and Schottky barrier heights (SBHs), critically impede device performance. This work introduces an innovative implementation of damage-free SbTe topological van der Waals (T-vdW) contacts, representing an ultimate contact electrode for 2D materials.

Enhanced oxidation of parabens in an aqueous solution by air-assisted cold plasma.

Various contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been known to threaten the aquatic ecosystem and human health even at low levels in surface water. Among them, the wide variety use of parabens as preservatives may pose potential threat to human because parabens may present estrogenic activity. Various advanced oxidation processes have been attempted to reduce parabens, but challenges using cold plasma (CP) are very rare.

Effectiveness of a dispatcher-assisted CPR using an animated image: Simulation study.

Introduction: Considering the few studies evaluating bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance, we sought to analyze differences in bystander CPR performance with and without the use of our self-developed animated GIFs based on dispatcher-assisted CPR simulation.

Methods: A total of 80 adults who had not received CPR training over the past two years participated in the study. Among them, 40 people were classified into the auditory group (receiving CPR instructions only over the phone), and the other 40 people were classified into the audiovisual group (receiving CPR instructions over the phone after receiving images on a smartphone).

Prognostic and Diagnostic Power of Delta Neutrophil Index and Mean Platelet Component in Febrile Patients with Suspected Sepsis.

Background: The delta neutrophil index (DNI), a prognostic and diagnostic marker for sepsis, is based on the leukocyte count. Platelet activation, similar to leukocyte activation, plays a crucial role in host defense against pathogens and may serve as a predictor of sepsis outcome. However, the combined evaluation of mean platelet component (MPC) and DNI has rarely been used to assess sepsis.

Sol-Gel-Processed YO-AlO Mixed Oxide-Based Resistive Random-Access-Memory Devices.

Herein, sol-gel-processed YO-AlO mixed oxide-based resistive random-access-memory (RRAM) devices with different proportions of the involved YO and AlO precursors were fabricated on indium tin oxide/glass substrates. The corresponding structural, chemical, and electrical properties were investigated. The fabricated devices exhibited conventional bipolar RRAM characteristics without requiring a high-voltage forming process.

Sol-Gel-Processed YO Multilevel Resistive Random-Access Memory Cells for Neural Networks.

Yttrium oxide (YO) resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices were fabricated using the sol-gel process on indium tin oxide/glass substrates. These devices exhibited conventional bipolar RRAM characteristics without requiring a high-voltage forming process. The effect of current compliance on the YO RRAM devices was investigated, and the results revealed that the resistance values gradually decreased with increasing set current compliance values.

Interaction between a rising bubble and a stationary droplet immersed in a liquid pool using a ternary conservative phase-field lattice Boltzmann method.

When a stationary bubble and a stationary droplet immersed in a liquid pool are brought into contact, they form a bubble-droplet aggregate. Its equilibrium morphology and stability largely depend on the combination of different components' surface tensions, known as the "spreading factor." In this study, we look at the interaction between a rising bubble and a stationary droplet to better understand the dynamics of coalescence and rising and morphological changes for the bubble-droplet aggregate.

Fractional centralities on networks: Consolidating the local and the global.

We propose a new centrality incorporating two classical node-level centralities, the degree centrality and the information centrality, which are considered as local and global centralities, respectively. These two centralities have expressions in terms of the graph Laplacian L, which motivates us to exploit its fractional analog L^{γ} with a fractional parameter γ. As γ varies from 0 to 1, the proposed fractional version of the information centrality makes intriguing changes in the node centrality rankings.

Improved Environment Stability of YO RRAM Devices with Au Passivated Ag Top Electrodes.

In this study, we fabricated sol-gel-processed Y2O3-based resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices. The fabricated Y2O3 RRAM devices exhibited conventional bipolar RRAM device characteristics and did not require the forming process. The long-term stability of the RRAM devices was investigated.

Dirac-source diode with sub-unity ideality factor.

An increase in power consumption necessitates a low-power circuit technology to extend Moore's law. Low-power transistors, such as tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs), negative-capacitance field-effect transistors (NC-FETs), and Dirac-source field-effect transistors (DS-FETs), have been realised to break the thermionic limit of the subthreshold swing (SS). However, a low-power rectifier, able to overcome the thermionic limit of an ideality factor (η) of 1 at room temperature, has not been proposed yet.

Two cases of extraluminal migration of fishbones into the thyroid gland and submandibular gland.

Laryngopharyngeal or cervical pain following ingestion of foreign bodies is one of the most frequently encountered emergencies in otolaryngologic practice. Although most of these foreign bodies can be easily removed under laryngoscopic examination without any complications, surgical removal may be required when foreign bodies migrate extraluminally. This report describes two rare cases of ingested fishbones that had migrated, one each to the thyroid gland and submandibular gland.

Positive Role of Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI) as a Prodiagnostic Marker in Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP)-Induced Sepsis Murine Model.

Sepsis is an emergent infectious disease and a leading cause of death despite immediate intervention. While Delta neutrophil index (DNI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are known as a prodiagnostic marker of sepsis, the preclinical evidence of the best marker of sepsis is unclear. For this, using a well-designed cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse model, we comparatively measured the level and cost-effectiveness of sepsis biomarkers such as DNI, myeloperoxidase (MPO), procalcitonin (PCT), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).

In Situ Defect Engineering Route to Optimize the Cationic Redox Activity of Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet via Strong Electronic Coupling with Holey Substrate.

A defect engineering of inorganic solids garners great deal of research activities because of its high efficacy to optimize diverse energy-related functionalities of nanostructured materials. In this study, a novel in situ defect engineering route to maximize electrocatalytic redox activity of inorganic nanosheet is developed by using holey nanostructured substrate with strong interfacial electronic coupling. Density functional theory calculations and in situ spectroscopic analyses confirm that efficient interfacial charge transfer takes place between holey TiN and Ni-Fe-layered double hydroxide (LDH), leading to the feedback formation of nitrogen vacancies and a maximization of cation redox activity.

Incremental Model Fit Assessment in the Case of Categorical Data: Tucker-Lewis Index for Item Response Theory Modeling.

The Tucker-Lewis index (TLI; Tucker & Lewis, 1973), also known as the non-normed fit index (NNFI; Bentler & Bonett, 1980), is one of the numerous incremental fit indices widely used in linear mean and covariance structure modeling, particularly in exploratory factor analysis, tools popular in prevention research. It augments information provided by other indices such as the root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA). In this paper, we develop and examine an analogous index for categorical item level data modeled with item response theory (IRT).

Defect-mediated ab initio thermodynamics of metastable γ-MoN(001).

Refractory transition metal nitrides exhibit a plethora of polymorphic expressions and chemical stoichiometries. To afford a better understanding of how defects may play a role in the structural and thermodynamics of these nitrides, using density-functional theory calculations, we investigate the influence of point and pair defects in bulk metastable γ-MoN and its (001) surface. We report favorable formation of Schottky defect pairs of neighboring Mo and N vacancies in bulk γ-MoN and apply this as a defect-mediated energy correction term to the surface energy of γ-MoN(001) within the ab initio atomistic thermodynamics approach.

Evaluating SEM Model Fit with Small Degrees of Freedom.

Research has revealed that the performance of root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) in assessing structural equation models with small degrees of freedom () is suboptimal, often resulting in the rejection of correctly specified or closely fitted models. This study investigates the performance of standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) and comparative fit index (CFI) in small models with various levels of factor loadings, sample sizes, and model misspecifications. We find that, in comparison with RMSEA, population SRMR and CFI are less susceptible to the effects of .

A comparison of full information maximum likelihood and multiple imputation in structural equation modeling with missing data.

This article compares two missing data procedures, full information maximum likelihood (FIML) and multiple imputation (MI), to investigate their relative performances in relation to the results from analyses of the original complete data or the hypothetical data available before missingness occurred. By expressing the FIML estimator as a special MI estimator, we predicted the expected patterns of discrepancy between the two estimators. Via Monte Carlo simulation studies where we have access to the original complete data, we compare the performance of FIML and MI estimators to that of the complete data maximum likelihood (ML) estimator under a wide range of conditions, including differences in sample size, percent of missingness, and degrees of model misfit.

Fitting Ordinal Factor Analysis Models With Missing Data: A Comparison Between Pairwise Deletion and Multiple Imputation.

This study compares two missing data procedures in the context of ordinal factor analysis models: pairwise deletion (PD; the default setting in Mplus) and multiple imputation (MI). We examine which procedure demonstrates parameter estimates and model fit indices closer to those of complete data. The performance of PD and MI are compared under a wide range of conditions, including number of response categories, sample size, percent of missingness, and degree of model misfit.

Structure and Measurement Invariance of Ethnic Identity for Native American College Students.

With a specific focus on the Native American population, the current study investigated the structure of ethnic identity, measured by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, using a bifactor model across Native American ( = 307), Asian ( = 348), and White ( = 549) undergraduate students. We further investigated measurement invariance across ethnic groups that shared the same factor structure. The results indicated that ethnic identity can be modeled by a bifactor structure with a general factor and two group factors, affective pride and exploration, for Native American and Asian respondents but not White respondents.

Understanding the Model Size Effect on SEM Fit Indices.

This study investigated the effect the number of observed variables () has on three structural equation modeling indices: the comparative fit index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The behaviors of the population fit indices and their sample estimates were compared under various conditions created by manipulating the number of observed variables, the types of model misspecification, the sample size, and the magnitude of factor loadings. The results showed that the effect of on the population CFI and TLI depended on the type of specification error, whereas a higher was associated with lower values of the population RMSEA regardless of the type of model misspecification.

Polymorphic expressions of ultrathin oxidic layers of Mo on Au(111).

Ultrathin oxidic layers of Mo (i.e. O/Mo) on the Au(111) substrate are investigated using first-principles density-functional theory calculations.

Math Self-Efficacy and STEM Intentions: A Person-Centered Approach.

Research pertaining to STEM interest and persistence continues to be a top priority in the educational research arena. The current study employed a person-centered approach to examine the impact of math self-efficacy and various distal predictors, such as individuals' demographic information, beliefs about math, and social group identification, on STEM interest and intentions. Specifically, we conducted a latent profile analysis (LPA), thereby inferring three homogeneous subgroups of individuals or latent classes from their response patterns on the 18-item sources of math self-efficacy measure.